INFLORESCENCE STAGES 11 
(d) Rays change position, erect in bud, in expansion sometimes 
remaining upcurved for some time (A. divaricatus, A. erectus, A. 
nobilis), normally soon horizontal and finally decurved, very com- 
monly at length incurved into a close coil (A. patens, etc.). A 
few forms tend to have the rays finally pendulous in straight lines 
(in A. divaricatus, A. cordifolius and allies). 
(e) Rays change color with age; sometimes bleaching out from 
violet to white (A. versicolor, A. macrophyllus pinguifolius, A. 
tostemma, A. tanthinus), sometimes by virescence passing through 
an olivaceous stage from white to greenish-brown, often seen in 
A. Schreberi and A. divaricatus, or sometimes by marcescence 
passing from the normal color to brown-white, retaining more or 
less horizontal position (sometimes in Biotian forms). 
(f) Disks regularly change color from yellow to red, reddish- 
brown or brown. 
(g) Disks in all become elevated with continuous bloom, 
changing from flat to dome-shaped. 
(2) Pappus changes color from white to yellowish, or to dusky 
(A. patens) or to reddish-brown ; the latter common among many 
Biotian forms, especially after five or ten years in the herbarium, 
AP". Enfeebled state ; after close cutting down one year ; when 
the new stems rising from the same rootstocks the next year are 
so different as to seem sometimes a different species, being often 
shorter, less vigorous, weaker, with inflorescence scanty and of a 
different form, the flowers often paler. A. paniculatus, A. violarts 
and A. nobilis are species which suffer badly in this way ; A. ros- 
cidus and A. multiformis are examples which seem less affected. 
N*. Resting stage, when after the flowering stem has died 
away, the rootstock continues year after year to develop radical 
leaves only. This seems to depend largely on nutrition and 
shade, especially the latter, sylvanism retarding growth of many 
colonies as woods grow denser over them. | 
N”. Surculous stage, when a lateral offshoot from preceding 
rootstock develops, usually rising within 10 or even but I or 2 
inches, and throwing up 1 or often 2 small leaves, ready with 
further growth to enter upon the radical-tuft stage, N’, and renew 
the round of life history again. Usually the connection between 
parent and daughter-plant dies away long before the latter has 
made much progress in developing large radicals. 
