NEES’ MONOGRAPH 75 
already been secured by Dr. Gray. Many other specimens from 
among Nees’ asters which went to Schultz have latterly been 
added to the British Museum collections. 
Nees obtained part of his material from his own and other bo- 
tanical gardens and a part from native pressed specimens sent or 
submitted to him by friends, especially by Bernhardi, director of 
the botanical garden at Erfurt (see zz/ra). Among those aiding 
him were Link and Schlechtendal; Meyer and Besser; Nestler and 
Mougeot at Strasburg; Chamisso at Berlin; Lehmann at Ham- 
burg; Günther, ‘medical assessor” in the medical college of 
Breslau; Kunz at Leipsic; Doellinger at Munich, and Steudel at 
Esslingen. All of these, together with Beilschmied, whom he 
styles his ** friend," supplied abundant material from their herbaria. 
Living rootstocks from such as were cultivated in their botanical 
gardens were also sent by Hooker from Glasgow, Heller from 
Würzburg, Otto from Berlin, Wiegmann from Brunswick, and 
Zeyher from Baden. 
Nees’ Astereae included 33 genera, some of which, as Olearia 
and Felicia, have received great enlargement since; one, Symphy- 
otrichum, was apparently ill-founded; this and five others were 
Nees’ own creation, including the now well-established genera 
Sericocarpus, Machaeranthera, and Doellingeria. A few are not 
now recognized as so closely allied to Aster, as Boltonia, Brachy- 
come, Paquerina. Erigeron was not included by Nees. Nees dis- 
tinguished his Astereae from the Baccharideae by possession of 
rays; from Solidagineae by absence of yellow rays; from true 
Bellideae by absence of scapiferous habit. Nees’ Astereae or As- 
terinae is in the main the Asterinae rather than the Astereae of 
Engler and Prantl, 1894, in which Hoffmann's treatment makes 
39 genera of Asterinae, of which 13 were formed later than Nees'. 
Of Nees' 32 Astereae, 24 survive, under the same name or incor- 
porated in Hoffmann's Asterinae ; Hoffmann's additional genera 
are mainly small or monotypic. 
Nees’ Astereae included in their 33 genera, some 230 species, 
of which 127 were American. In his genus Aster were 127 
Species, 107 American. Within the limits assigned to Aster by 
Gray, Nees had 155 species, of which 120 were American. 
