112 DESCRIPTION OF ASTERS; DIVARICATI 
c, simple continuance of late sunshine and warmth. 
1* BRANCH-FORMS, or ramified state, where cropping of the top 
of the main stem has caused an upgrowth of prolonged flowering 
branches from the upper or even lower axils, producing on the 
branches leaves of the rameal type, narrow oblong-lanceolate, 
sessile with a narrowed base, rather elongated toward the acute 
apex, and but little serrulate. Examples: 
N. Y. vic., Bryn Mawr Park, Oc. 1, '98, etc., shaded rocks. 
W. N. Y., SZver Creek, Au. 98, etc. 
1* TuBEROUS-FORM, with tuber-like thickenings of the base of 
stem due apparently to cropping just above ; from which swellings 
short upright stems rise a foot or less, with small concentrated 
inflorescence. Pedicels short, suberect and stretching up into 
the light. Bracts scarious-edged, bevel-tipped, with very definite 
dark-green tip.— Many plants, in "got. on mountain road, 
Hunter Mtn., Catskills, Se. 6, 18 
* * ARRESTED STATES 
1° PEDUNCULATE state; appearance as of whole inflorescence 
raised on a peduncle, above the proper leaf-series and below the 
lower branches; due to partial Pune of the upper leaves. 
Occasional ; example, wW ¥, vie, Oc. E Bi. 
1’ SYNCOPATED state ; pedicels suppressed or nearly so, the 
flower-clusters; most peculiar in appearance, but due apparently 
to some non-hereditary cause sara arrest only in the indi- 
viduals UR affected. Examples 
vic., Bryn Mawr Park, Se. 1 » '97, shaded roadside ; and Se. 17, '98, 
in mud- id of dried pool; Caryl, Se. 29, ’98, shaded roadside, Bu.; Woodlawn 
woods, Se. 21, aie Bi. 
, Phoenixville, W. id Fisher in hb. Bu., Au. 26, '96, from ^ rather 
moist Kies in qu of young bushes.’ 
1° BUNCH-LEAF state, an arrest or suppression of lower or 
middle internodes causing an abnormal centering of large leaves 
together: 
"s Y. vic., Pelham, Se. 20, '98, woodland. 
QN. Ya Silver Cr. gen, Au. 44,798, 
1° MIXED-LEAF states. Ver singular states; some leaves, 
mixed in among the others, sustain an arrest of the terminal half 
or third, the apex becoming obtuse or rounded (or sometimes 
remaining acutish) ; the general leaf-type being lanceovate-acumi- 
nate. The arrest-leaves are short-oblong or variously suboval, 
mingled irregularly among the normal leaves, chiefly among the 
