ASTER PERSALIENS 141 
Leaves extremely thin but firm and tough, without obvious 
hair, very smooth to the touch during growth, on the upper sur- 
face minutely granular-roughened when dry. | 
C Eod 
Aster persalienz 
Fic. 12. 
Leaf-form lanceolate, attenuately elongate and taper-based, 
quickly or cuneately contracted into a short slender petiole; the 
prolonged straight or falcate apex entire for an inch or more. 
Margins elsewhere sharply toothed, as if hacked by a knife, the 
teeth very salient and slender, occasionally close and straight- 
backed; but usually long, remote, and rising from a gentle curve 
into a sudden upflung backward-curved (i. e., couchant) tooth, 
suggesting the couchant position with head thrown up, familar in 
coat-armor. 
Sinus lacking entirely in the predominant and characteristic 
leaves, broad shallow and recurvate in the few lowest caulines, or 
small and narrow in the soon-vanishing ovate and oblong-ovate 
Primordial leaves.  Leaf-form of the basal caulines (succeeding 
