198 DESCRIPTION OF ASTER; DIVARICATI 
belong not to the typical form of the species but to the less usual 
syncopated form]. September. 
Leaf-form cordate-oval, acute or short-acuminate, crenate- 
serrate or curvescent-serrate, with small but rather deep and 
narrow sinus, best developed in the lower half or two thirds of 
the stem 
Radical leaves dark green, small, an inch long or less, cordate- 
oval, obtuse or acutish, a few still smaller ones sometimes sub- 
orbicular. Their crenations are long, shallow, about 6 to the side 
of a larger leaf 2 x 1% in. Sudden access of light, accompanied by 
loosening of soil, produces very nlarged and multiplied radical 
clusters, with coarser more serrate i more oblong leaves some- 
times 4 x 214 in. Elevated rosettes of large oval radicals each 2 in. 
long or more, are sometimes raised on an erect turionic rootstock 
4 or 5 in. high (or from the side of the stem at the same distance 
above the proper base) when upward growth in a cranny has 
denied room for radicals below. Rootstocks not in crevices are 
yellowish-brown and short, about 3 in. length. 
Lowermost caulines hardly show the typical leaf-form, a few or 
I or 2 nodes bearing smaller shorter broader more quickly acu- 
minate leaves with broader sinus 
Lower and middle caulines typical, apple-green, about 3x 277 
in., smooth to the touch when growing, nearly so when dry, their 
petioles very slender, t in. or less lon 
Upper caulines ovate-acuminate or lanceolate, still with short 
slender petioles or with moderate wings, continuing as muc 
diminished sessile axiles. 
Inflorescence shallow, broad, usually small, 4 to 7 in. broad, 
consisting of rather widely separated cymules or divisions segre- 
gated by their long wide-spreading peduncles.  Pedicels slender, 
not much elongated, a half-inch long, sometimes an inch. Heads 
small, usually $ in. broad or less, about 2 in. high. Rays moder- 
ately truncate or at least blunt, bread 3 ig in. or more in length. 
Disks soon deep crimson, with broad short bell abruptly con- 
tracted into a slender stalk. 
Bracts very broad, short, uniform, rounded at the apex. Green 
tip hatchet-like, broad and short. A few bracts may vary ; some 
ower ones may be triangular-acute ; some of those following are 
sometimes chanfer-oblong with slight acutish tip, decurrent into 
midrib ; some inner ones are narrowed and without green tips, 
having only a green midrib with pale nearly white margins. Bracts 
of 5 ranks, of which about 3 are of the predominant form, pale- 
green, subscarious, nearly smoothish, with ciliation very long, soft, 
tangled and pale. Achenes smooth. 
— In the lower Hudson region, in thin woods on high ridges, 
