ASTER CARMESINUS 199 
rising from crevices among gneissic rocks when filled with rich 
black leaf-mold ; or straying slightly into neighboring loose mica- 
ceous soil. Stems clustered rather closely, under half-shade, as 
of chestnut trees, forming a loose mass which sometimes covers a 
whole rock to exclusion of other forms. Rootstocks best devel- 
oped in the wood-earth of rock-crevices, there becoming thick and 
heavy and contorted, blackish or dark brown, with very close and 
prominently ridged nodes, a length of about 3—4 in. remaining sound 
and often 14 in. thick, sometimes with short stubby branches, some- 
times with a few branches nearly as long as itself. One old rootstock 
of 1899 had on it the scars or the bud-points for the growth of 
1894-1903, or the epitome or possibility of 9 years of connected 
growth. 
Old rootstocks seem about twice as thick and corrugated and 
closely stoloniferous as in case of A. divaricatus or A. rupicola or 
subspecies cymulosus, when these by growing in similar rock- 
crevices have become specially contorted and thickened. Young 
surculi in such situations are short, yellowish-brown, uprising into 
new radical tufts within about a half-inch of the main plant. In 
neighboring loose soil surrounding rocks, they become somewhat 
more slender, and longer. 
Examples : 
N.Y. wie; ics dpi Ap Rock, 5e. 27, 'g Miri M. ew near 
quarry, Se. 25, 1900. Yonkers, Bryn Mawr Park, Split To Se. 26, 96, "Bi; 
Se. 98; EA atori building; Diller Rocks, Se. 25, °97. Stony ee 
above St. Mary's Cem., Se. 23, ’99, Oc. 6, 1900, Oc. Igo, Se. 1902, Se. 22, a 
e. 1904, Grassy Sprain, reservoir rockwall, Se. 23, 99. Mile Square road, 
Bu. Rocky woods n. e. of St. Joseph's Sem., Oc. oli 98, Bi. ostii, nd 
Hollow Cem., Se. '98, many plants having crimson 
pe oue Undercliff Se. 29, '97, ge 
À rose r 
Pa., Bethlehem ? Schweinitz in hb. Phila. Acad. Ang pm Aster thyrsi- 
Jorus by Schweinitz; and by Nuttall, sein about 1810-1819, Biotia thrysifiora ; 
apparently from the somewhat den es. Later labelled ‘ is Pagi i on 
incorporation of the de Schweiult: gd ca of the Phila. Acad. — Schweinitz did 
not indicate ad ; his own herbarium is however Md to ee his col- 
lections about Bethlehem, Pa., and Salem, 
Allies. ee deep crimson = occur in A. rupicola, 2 
“istriformis and A. virgularis ; and to a less degree, in A. fragran 
A, aucuparius, A. argillarius, A. stilettiformis, A. ‘camptilis ; ^ iain 
sometimes in A. divaricatus when the plant is otherwise nearly 
typical. 
Plants intermediate between A. carmesinus and A. divaricatus 
