ASTER SCUTIFORMIS 239 
Cespitose, in half-shade or slight-shade, on ravine banks or 
rock-slopes or along stone walls; sometimes with stems close and 
half-supporting each other. Near N. Y. City; first half of Sept. 
Examples : 
Ct., Mianus R., near Riverside Sta., along a stone wall in slight shade, 
Oc. 15, bo 
, Inwood, in a Se. 23,03; '05; Yonkers, Belmont ridge, 
e. I5, vn ii ditch, Se. 15, 97; Bryn Mawr Park, Se. 26, ’96; ap D 
isl bank, Se., "9 McLean's Pond, stone wall in slight shade, Oc. 22, 1900; 
few still "nn "EN Nov. 3, 1900; Gunther Park, Se. 14, ur. "adn, 
Oc. 17, 1905. 
N. Y., Shokan, Ulster Co., Se., '98, C. H. Peck in hb. N. 
N. J., Palisades, Pleasant Valley Brock; top of cliff, Se. iu '99. 
lites. Species with which A. scutiformis is most likely to be 
confounded are A. virgularis and A. castaneus, possessing as it 
does lower leaves somewhat like those of the former and upper 
leaves like the latter. From A. castaneus it is distinguishable by 
its thicker, larger leaves, different denser more-tangled inflores- 
virgularis it differs also in its spongy-thickened leaves with the 
lower surface more whitened and with more cord-like veins. 
Comparing typical plants of A. scutiformis and of A. virgularis, 
A. scutiformis has an inflorescence which is more a dense bunch, 
with short pedicels, not a loose tassel with long pedicels ; has tri- 
curve bases, not bicurve; has more reduced and curving teeth, 
not so sharp and slit-serrate ; has more sessile upper caulines ; and 
has more difference toward the tips of the veins between the veins 
and veinlets. 
A. rupicola when its leaves approach this species has sharper 
and closer outflung teeth; it is also a smaller plant and more 
delicate. 
Variants. 
34° Sessilifolial form ; intensifies the typical characters of 
thick leaves, dense texture, whitened under surfaces, projecting 
narrow cord-like veins. Soutien leaves less fully developed. 
Upper leaves and axiles sessile by narrow or semi-truncate base. 
the type, near Yonkers, at Hillview, Se. 15, '97 ; Seminary Corner, Se. 
14, 1905; and especially studied at Split Rocks, Se. 18, '97, Oc. 20, '98, Se. 16,'99, 
Se. 15, 1905, Se. 16, 5 
Subdivision C. BRACTS BROAD. LEAVES OF DENSE FIRM TEXTURE. 
PLANTS IN STOOLS. 
Species 35-37. 
