244 DESCRIPTION OF ASTERS; DIVARICATI 
the young colonies forming merely a tuft of a few stems, older ones 
showing 20-100 or more ; the stems close and parallel, but the 
lower leaves usually quite persistent. Narrowest forms are those 
which are themselves surrounded and overtopped by other virgate 
plants, as Solidago rugosa; or which occur in mixed thickets. — 
Distinguished from similarly cespitose congeners as A. arcuatus by 
erect position, and from that and A. w/marzus by leaf-form.— On 
rocks or near them, in part shade of trees, N. Y. to Va., early in 
September. 
Examples : 
. Y. vic., Yonkers, Bryn Mawr Park, Palmer Ave. rocks, Se. 17, '98, Se. 
16, 1905, Bu. ; rocky woods, Se. 4,98, Ai. ; Grassy Sprain Reservoir, Se. 4, '98, 
Bi.; Hillview, Se. 13, '98, Bu. ; Lincoln Park, Se. 1904-5; Staten J., Clove L., 
Oc. 17, '96, late survivors. 
N. J., Palisades, the most sang iy growths; Woodcliff, Se. 12, '98; 
Ft. Lee, Pag LZ '98 ; Undercliff, Oc. 7, late survivors. 
., Potomac, Great Falls vic., a 15, 91, late. 
37. Aster ulmarius sp. nov. 
Dark green dull plants with oblong-ovate crenate-serrate 
leaves, with narrow sinus, broad_bracts, purplish-brown disks, and 
close-cespitose stems, inhabiting dark woods. 
Name, L., ** resembling the elm," from the form of the leaf. 
Fic. 49, plant from Silver Cr., N. Y., Au. 17, ’96, in hb. Bu. ; 4, charac- 
teristic leaf; @, cordated lower leaf; e, occasional radical. 
Stems greenish-brown, generally acutely flexuous, growing in 
dense, erect clumps, consisting of many short, dull-green plants, 
I 14 ft. high or less. 
Leaf-form oblong-ovate, with the deep sinus of the lower 
leaves soon disappearing upward. Teeth remote, rather small, of 
crenate-serrate type, sometimes almost obsolete. Form, color, 
serration and arrangement of leaves all combine to make each 
plant suggest a twig from an elm tree. Veins also somewhat 
elm-like, strongly marked, somewhat straight, about 5 or 6 pairs. 
Leaves much thicker than in many Divaricati, slightly roughish, 
somewhat puberulent beneath all over. Apex obtuse, acute or 
short-acuminate. Lower petioles narrow, 2 in. long or less, middle 
and upper ones chiefly strap-winged, 1 in. or less, usually half 
that length. 
Larger leaves 314 x 2%; a few unusually luxuriant plants 
reach 2 ft. high, with about 6 large leaves 6 x 3% in., and bear- 
ing as many as 20 heads; most plants hardly exceed 1 ft. 
