266 DESCRIPTION OF ASTERS; CURVESCENTES 
Rameals shorter but broader, developed only at the top of 
each branch. 
Leaves all nearly symmetrical, apple-green. Texture thickish, 
firm, rough above while fresh, much more so on drying. Under 
surface obviously downy, at least on the chief veins, and through- 
out upon the lower leaves ; in extreme cases bristly. Venation fine 
and close, the rather uniform areolation conspicuous beneath under 
a lens, because of the darker veinlets. Teeth subcrenate, finally 
of slit-serrulate type above ; the lower leaves with occasional aqui- 
line, curvescent, or slit-serrate teeth intermixed. 
Inflorescence convex and irregular, 3-5 in. across, compact 
and bunchy, with the 20-40 small heads so numerous and close 
as to overlap thickly on pressing, in bud sessile and conical, then 
globose, finally with pedicel 1% in. long or over 
Bracts pale, with heavy dark-green s strongly ciliate, 
smoothish-backed, suddenly obtuse ; the lower broad, acutish or 
obtuse, the inner ones twice as long, nsu oleis Involucre 
greenish, close-imbricated, 1% in. 
Rays about 6, sometimes I0, very short, very deciduous, 
cream-white, bidentate or acute. Disk- flowers. about 20, yellow 
turning brown, short-bell-shaped, drying narrow-oblong.  Ach- 
enes thick-fusiform, about 14-striate, usually well- WE with 
dense short tawny hair when ripe; more so perhaps than any 
other Biotian species. Annulus broad, pale, not decurrent. 
Pappus whitish, ecru at end of flowering; soon faintly rufes- 
cent; the apex thickened. 
Pubescence of three forms when fully developed : 
I. Strigose pubescence, causing much roughness ; long, stiff, 
sharp, pale, few-celled bristles, appressed and pointing forwards ; 
over the upper surfaces and along pe i and in some bristly 
plants occurring also over the under surface 
2. Scurfy pubesence, scattered d and covering the midrib 
and principal veins thickly on the upper 
3. Soft pubescence, making the shies ides downy to touch 
when fresh ; brown, spreading hairs, much longer, tangled when 
dry, commonly 10—20 (sometimes 40), cells long, constricting and 
twisting at the cell-ends, not beaded by any conspicuous condensa- 
tion of cell-contents at the cell-bases. These are also abundant 
over bracts and pedicels. Such hairs also occur, but much 
reduced, in A. Schreberi. 
Habitat, in grass and low districts with moist, loose soil, near 
streams or in swamps, especially in ravines. N. Y. and Ohio to 
Georgia. 
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