ASTER MACROPHYLLUS 301 
or less; another narrower and another shorter. With them some- 
times I or 2 small broad subentire roundish additional leaves are 
interspersed, 1 in. long or less, with or without sinus; as shown 
in radical cluster 2, Fig. 70. Primordial leaf cordate-quadrate or 
reniform, very veiny, with broad-wing petiole, soon perishing; e, 
Fig. 70, 
Lower caulines of typical form. Succeeding caulines slowly 
diminishing upwards, serrate or serrulate, 3 x 277 in. and soon 
becoming narrower and with reduced sinus and receding round- 
based lobes, the petioles still wingless and now shorter than the 
leaves. Middle caulines pass from broad-ovate to ovate-oblong, 
subelliptical, lance-oblong or ovate-lanceolate; the short narrow- 
winged petiole soon developing a basal dilation (undulatiform), 
then becoming uniformly dilated to the leaf (forming broad-winged 
petioles) and in the next leaves merging with the tapering base. 
Final upper cauline type quite characteristic, oblong-ovate, rather 
gradually and prominently acuminate, slowly contracted into a 
broad clasping basal portion ; often 3 x 114 in. 
Axiles oblong-ovate to lanceolate, sessile, clasping by a broad 
base, 2 x 34 in. or less, acutely serrulate or nearly entire. 
Rameals little developed except in cases of extensive inflores- 
cence ; then usually a subopposite pair about one-third below the 
first branchlet, sessile, chiefly triangular-ovate, acuminate, obso- 
letely serrulate ; those subtending the branchlets become narrowed, 
finally passing into narrow canaliculate investitures to the ultimate 
pedicels, which are otherwise naked. 
Veins not very conspicuous, about 4 pairs, not incurved nor 
greatly upcurved, lost toward the margins, and till then somewhat 
parallel and equidistant. General and minute venation quite in- 
conspicuous.  Trinervate bases resemble those of A. Schrebert. 
eeth low, broad, rather irregular, remotish, curvescent and 
crenate-serrate, with some shorter subdentate teeth intermixed. 
Predominant curvescent teeth are apt to be 10 mm. long and 1 as 
high. The aculeus terminating the tooth is little obvious, green, 
broad and flat, continuous with the leaf-membrane. 
Sinus broad, irregular, rather deep, enlarged within, usually 
unequal and lop-sided, but commonly nearly closed in life by the 
assurgent basal lobes. 
Hair of about 4 kinds; rst, ciliation on the larger exposed 
bract-margins and tips; 2d, strigose hair over under surfaces and 
on the stem, slender, hardened but scarcely thickened, 8- to 12- 
celled ; 3d, stiff short sharp bristles occur over the upper surfaces 
of the leaves ; these are pale, appressed, directed forward and out- 
ward, highly detentive to the touch when dry, about 2 times their 
own length apart, very slender and scarcely enlarged at the base ; 
