304 DESCRIPTION OF ASTERS; MACROPHYLLI 
slightly contracted apex, lilac-lavender, having more red in their 
composition than in the violet rays of the ianthine group, paling 
somewhat and then turning brow 
Disk-flowers about 50, mom lobed, yellow turning reddish- 
brown, fragrant, soon forming a convex mass. 
Pappus long, ecru, soon brownish (in one apia and later be- 
coming highly rufescent, becoming first so in the 
Achenes smooth, dark brown, jeep slightly compressed, 
much smaller and slenderer than in the Curvescentes. Vertical 
striae faintly double, Hin Sra at the kits of the achene into 
n abrupt narrow brownish annulus which (unlike the conspicuous 
ipie of A. umbells formis) is little whitened, is not double, and 
is not decurrent on the s 
Odors include a haaat fragrance from the disk-flowers ; 
and a nutty odor from the glands when rubbed, not so marked, 
however, as in the Ianthine group. 
Typical native plants of the species as thus restricted are broad 
in all their lines; both radical and lower cauline leaves showing 
broad-cordate outline and a broad enlarged and curving sinus, the 
inflorescence broad and shallow, the teeth broad and crenate or 
curvescent, the middle and upper petioles widened into broad 
wings. This type seems to represent the species as first fully 
described by Nees and as preserved in the herbarium of Linnæus 
and as early cultivated in Kew. From this type are removed 
many extraneous elements at various times blended with it; on 
the one hand various white non-glandular representatives of the 
Curvescentes, and on the other hand, various violet-rayed highly- 
glandular plants of different leaf-form ; members of both classes 
being joined with it by Willdenow and by Torrey and Gray. 
Typical plants of A. macrophyllus, as now defined, do not show 
any distinct violet or predominant blue, as in the Janthine group ; no 
rays with rose, carmine, crimson or predominant red, as in some 
Divaricati, and in A, Alleghaniensis ; no spongy or crumbly leaf- 
substance, as in A. biformis, A. orbicularis, etc. ; no very conspicuous 
prolonged or narrow or incurved acumination of leaf, as inso many 
Divaricati ; no great jagged-edge teeth, as in A. viridis, A. ferox ; 
no complete gradual transition from basal to axile leaves with little 
difference of size or petiole or shape, as in A. uniformis, A. Alle- 
ghaniensis ; no such abundance of glandular secretion as to make 
all surfaces clammy to touch when young, as in A. roscidus ; and 
