ASTER MACROPHYLLUS ae 
as the pedicels and involucre, clothed with a close puberulence which appears glandu- 
lar or viscid under a lens, often with roughish hairs intermixed; below, as also the 
petioles, either smooth or with a rough pubescence. Radical leaves 4-10 inches long 
and 3-6 in width, varying from roundish-cordate to cordate-oblong, serrate with broad 
and short mucronate teeth, often sparsely hirsute, and usually hairy on the midrib and 
strong veins beneath ; the petioles 4-12 inches long; cauline leaves smaller, ovate or 
oblong ; the upper closely sessile; the lower abruptly narrowed into a margined or 
winged petiole. Heads mostly large; the involucre about half an inch in diameter ; 
the exterior rigid scales pubescent-ciliate, acutish or obtuse; the innermost much larger 
and membranaceous. Pappus tawny, or reddish. Achenia linear, obscurely striate, 
almost glabrous when mature. — There are certainly but two species of Biotia indi- 
genous to the United States. B. (Eurybia, ees) commixta, DC. is of doubtful 
origin; but perhaps it is only a form of this species. 
GARDEN AND Forest, 4: 88-89 (1891), figured A. macrophyllus 
and added a brief description, stating, in substance: ‘‘ Radicals 
sometimes 8 or 10 by 4 or 5 inches, broad-ovate or reniform-cor- 
date ; stem 3—4 ft. high, angled, bearing corymbose cymes.— Canada 
to Manitoba, to mountains of Carolina and Georgia." The figure 
and some features in the description seem drawn from a plant 
which would now be classed as A. uniformis, or as a transitional 
between A. macrophyllus and that species; as the description of 
the leaves as “sharply serrate.” 
— Since Torrey and Gray's Flora, Aster macrophyllus had been 
accepted by American botanists for a body of forms, with white, 
lilac, lavender, or violet rays, but alike in producing colonies of large 
radicals; and under this name all the asters with large radicals 
were lumped together. Among the first to perceive that there 
was something wrong in this were Dr. L. F. Ward, Washington 
City, as indicated in remarks in his ora of D. C., 1881, and Dr. 
Geo. Vasey, as indicated verbally to the author in 1888 and to Dr. 
Ward earlier (vide p. 252); forms of A. curvescens and allies, with 
White rays and smaller heads, had aroused their suspicions and 
seemed to them separable. Meanwhile along the lower Hudson, 
Mr. E. P. Bicknell was perceiving cause for separation at the other 
extreme of *‘ violet-rayed plants with camphoric odor” as labelled 
by him in the field, 1896, and Prof. C. H. Peck at Albany observ- 
ing similar violet-rayed plants was at first inclined to class them 
in A. Herveyi (because that is a violet-rayed glandular species), 
leaving the body of white-rayed plants in A. macrophyllus. The 
true line of cleavage along the development of glands had yet 
to be made out by combination of careful field-study and com- 
parison of herbaria. Meanwhile Prof. Peck, pp. 45, 46, of his 
Annual Report as State Botanist for 1892, published indepen- 
dently the following review of the situation as known to him 
(N. Y. St. Mus. Nat. Hist. Annual Repts. 46: 45, 46. 1893): 
