ASTER ROSCIDUS 347 
odor resembling that of the black-walnut and that of Aster Novak 
Angliae, derived from the glands as in most other Macrophyili, but 
here intense enough to be perceived without touching. dor of 
the broken stem, and less so of the broken leaf, resembles that of 
wild spikenard, Aralia racemosa. Of the odor of black walnuts 
from the glands, one collector remarked “ “It smells as slippery-elm 
tastes, and a very soft elusive smell it is 
Pubescence of 4 principal kinds : 
Ist. Strigose hairs, long, whitish and multicellular, forward- 
curved, very slender, scattered under the midrib and chief veins, 
rising above a forest of short glandular hairs, perhaps 1 to 100 
such. A few occur on the stem. Shorter upward-curved similar 
hairs make the leaf-edges ciliate. 
2d. Cobwebby hairs, occasional long and still more slender 
ones, gluey from contact with capitate glands, over the upper sur- 
faces, etc., ascending or deflexed or detached. 
3d. Indurated hairs, very short, thick and sharp, without green 
membrane. Such form the aculei terminating the teeth. 
4th. Capitate glands, short and pale, 3 or 4 times as high as 
broad, standing so close as to touch and forming a short dense pile 
over the bracts, branches and veins; over 3 ft. or so of stem they 
stand about their own length apart ; over the leaves, about 5-8 to 
an areola, above and beneath, making the young leaves clammy. 
Development ; radicals full-grown by middle of May, or in late 
development, by end of May; these radicals chiefly 3, low-serru- 
late, full-green with pale close wide-spread veins, full broad deep 
sinus, long pendent rounded basal lobes, acute or short acuminate 
inconspicuous apex, 2 of cordate-ovate or cordate-quadrate outline, 
the other cordate-oblong, 5 X 3 in. or less. About 2 primordials 
precede these, quadrate or orbicular, with brace-base or simply 
truncate, with crenate margin and obtuse apex, % in. long or less, 
with little or no green, but fuscous and downy; their flat smooth 
strap-wing petioles 2 in. long or more. About 2 phyllodial petioles 
precede these, with similar sheathing base and with slightly devel- 
1 oped lamina. 
| Throughout the summer the 3 radicals remain notably of a 
It dark bluish or finally blackish-green, losing pubescence and glands, 
H increasing i in stiffness and harsh surface, finally in late autumn pale 
or almost whitened underneath and roughened like shagreen above, 
their broad sinus now narrowed and deepened by the continued 
growth of the pendent basal lobes. Such rough brownish-green 
radicals sometimes remain as winter-leaves, made subbitüculat by 
loss of the original apex, and lying nearly puree 
Plantain-leaf forms are assumed by the type on sudden ac- 
cess of light by timber-cutting; in which case numerous large 
