380 DESCRIPTION OF ASTERS; MACROPHYLLI 
T + Leaves thickish, with peculiar granular-roughened surface, 
but with little hair. Sp. 77-79. 
77. ASTER VIOLARIS Burgess. 
Small, broad-leaved, dark-green plants with numerous reni- 
form-apiculate radicals, these radicals sharp-serrate, with broad 
shallow sinus and long slender petioles; with pale violet rays, 
deep, short-branched, leafy inflorescence, rounded bract-tips, and 
oblong-oval, slender-petioled middle caulines. 
Name, L., = having the leaf of the violet ; from the shape. 
Fic. 100, plant from Palisades, N. J., Se. 24, '97, in hb. Zu. ; 4, a charac- 
teristic mn ved d, radicals, with primordials and delet as developed May 10. 
laris Burgess in Br. and Br. Ill. Fl., 3: 361 (1898), with Fig. 3746 
and ve Biss ; 
“ Caudex thick, fleshy ; plant glabrate, bluish-green, minutely 
glandular. Stem slender, erect, or assurgent, 2 ft. high or less; 
basal and lower leaves broadly reniform, abruptly acuminate or 
apiculate, often 3 in. long by 4 in. wide, their slender petioles 6 to 
8 in. long, the sinus very broad and shallow ; middle stem-leaves 
similar, not cordate; the upper numerous, long-elliptic, chiefly 
with narrowed bases, all thin, firm, rough above. Inflorescence 
leafy, small, loose, rather narrow and high, paniculate corymbose, 
nearly level-topped, its slender branches with nearly opposite, 
oblong leaves; heads 6 lines high, or more; rays 12—13, pale 
violet, narrow. — In shaded moist places, sometimes in leaf-mold 
among rocks, N. Y. from the Hudson to L. Erie. Sept.-Oct." 
Stems slender, greenish, 2 ft. high or less, from a thick black 
contorted rootstock ; in very old vigorous examples the rootstock 
sometimes reaches 1 in. thick, with numerous short parallel up- 
right offshoots ; each of which produces 2, 3, 4 or more leaves, 
making sometimes a dozen or more radicals in a close cluster. 
Radicals exhibit the typical leaf-form, being singularly violet- 
like or violarial, very broadly reniform-apiculate, sharply and 
doubly serrate, or closely aquiline-toothed, rather small, 4 x 4 in. 
or less, very commonly 3 x 3, broad shallow examples sometimes 
2 in. long by 314 broad, thin, dull bluish-green and opaque, with 
about 5 pairs af close wide-spread but much up-curved brown 
veins. Sinus broad, open and shallow, recurvate conspicuously 
down the petiole. ‘Apex abruptly and notably apiculate with a _ 
long narrow entire acumination which becomes successively longer 
as new radicals develop; becoming 1 in. long. Teeth also 
acuminate, with forward or outward-directed aculeus, sometimes 
incised curvescent, sometimes of excavate denticulate or pure cre- 
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