204 Tue Lire HISTORY OF 
lie free in the sporangium. Each mother cell divides into four 
spores. These ripe spores are reniform with a smooth surface. 
PEDICEL. 一 The pedicel is long and consists of three or more 
cells, though only one cell wide until near the sporangium, where 
the first longitudinal walls are formed (f. 739, 9, 133€, 1346 
135, 7, 2); here it is generally two cells in width, less often three, 
though at the base of the sporangium there are almost always 
three cells. These small cells are formed at or near the front 
of the sporangium (f. 733, 734). As the sporangium ripens 
all the cells of the upper part of the pedicel become inflated and 
throw the sporangium back ( f. 134), so that when the split occurs, 
' and the lip cells open by the everting of the annulus, the spores 
have a less interrupted access to the opening of the groove, their 
original position being such that did they keep it during the dis- 
charge of the spores many of them would become entangled 
among the branches of paraphyses from which they would be 
powerless to escape. 
PARAPHYSES. — The paraphyses develop before and with the 
sporangia and frequently attain a large size while the sporangia are 
still very immature. They are always multicellular and branched, 
except when young (f. 129) ; they grow to some length as a single 
cell before they branch into two or three divisions ( 729, 136- 
139), the first cell of each forming a stalk. The round branches 
generally branch in their turn. The cells are two or three times 
longer than wide, each containing a good-sized nucleus and some 
chlorophyl ; as they grow older they become discolored and 
shrivel up. The branches terminate in cells which are always 
ga long, much wider at their apex and generally curved ) 73 6, 
SUMMARY 
e — ag of Vittaria lineata is an irregularly branched, 
fe s prothallium, bearing the archegonia and giving 
gemmae which bear the ant 
idi new 
prothallia. heridia and also produce 
pinea — are produced in great numbers, rarely on the 
four pata — with the archegonia. From twelve to twenty- 
ntherozoids are produced in one antheridium and the open- 
in i 
8 occurs in the center of the cap cell, or at its junction with the 
