40 



C. salina, van minor, Boott, in part, 111. i6o, tt 527 and 528 



(1867). 



Cumberland House; British America, to Greenland. N. Europe. 

 Var. CUSPIDATA, Wahl Fl. Lapp. 246 (1812). 



:nspidatay Wahl 

 V. s. Hb. Wahl. 



XXIV. 164 (1803), 



C, stricta. Hook, and Arn. Bot. Beechey's Voy. 131 (1834). 



C. recta, Boott, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 220. t. 222 (1840). 

 Hudson's Bay to Massachusetts. Europe. 



In proposing this arrangement of the synonymy of Carex 

 salina, Wahlenberg's original application of the name is adopt- 

 ed. He described at the same time (1803) C, salina and C 



ctispidata ; afte 



them into a composite 



species, making them varieties of a C salina for which he desig- 

 nated no typical form, a practice still common among European 

 botanists in the treatment of variable species. When later botan- 

 ists insisted upon separating one of the varieties to represent the 



^pidati 



t> 



plant which had been originally proposed as C, salina to rank as 



a variety. 



55. — Carex Tolmiet, Boott. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 124 (1840), 



V. s. Hb. Boott.; 111. 100 t. 299 (i860.) 



C, vulgaris, var. alpina, Bailey, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and 

 Sci. xxii. 81 (1886), mostly. 



This ambiguous species appears to include a great number of 

 forms, and to represent Carex vulgaris on th^ western side of our 

 continent. The true var. alpina, Boott ( C. rigida. Good.) is a short . 

 and stiff plant with narrow leaves, broad perigynia and short, ob- 

 tuse scales; it occurs in our high latitudes, ranging from Green- 

 land to Behring Straits, and evidently extending as far south as 

 Cumberland House. The plants of the w^estern mountains of the 

 United States, formerly referred to this variety, may be to asso- 

 ciated for the present with C. Tohniei, 



Plant rather stout, from a dense and woody root (i to 2 feet 

 high) ; leaves very broad for the group, deep green, conspicuous- 

 ly pointed, shorter than the culm ; staminate spike usually one, 

 mostly short-peduncled ; pistillate spikes two to four, somewhat 

 contiguous or partially scattered, oval or oblong (^ to i^ inches 



