i 



174 



cellular tissue. The rind consists of epicarp and mesocarp, while 

 the endocarp forms partitions in the interior filled with pulpy 

 cells which are produced from the inner lining of the pericarp. 

 There are many varieties. In Sicily' fourteen kinds are recog- 

 nized ; Loudon- mentions nineteen ; Downing^ twelve ; Gallesio 

 describes forty of the principal kinds cultivated in Italy. The 

 varieties named in Florida and California are very numerous, and 

 some as the mandarin and tangerin have been described as 

 species. 



Gallesio asserts that in cross-breeding oranges, often mons- 



r Hogg, Hooker's Jour, of Bot. i. io6. 



2 Hort. p. 608. 



3 Fruits, rS6o, p. 691. 



4 Darwin, An. and PL, i. 405. 



5U. S. Pat. Of. Kept. 1858. 266. 



6E. J. Wickson, Ed. of Pac. Rural Press, in letter of Feb. 13, 1880, 

 7U. S. Dept. Ag. Rept. 1887. 641. 

 8 Pacific Rural Press, Aug. 1877. 

 g South Cal. Hort. Jour. 187S, p. 292. 

 loHalfour's Botany, p. 280. 



H 



trous fruits were produced, which inchided '* little pulp, and had 

 no seeds or imperfect seeds." Darwin,^ in commenting upon this, 

 states that a myrtle-leaved orange in his father's greenhouse, dur- 

 ing many years rarely yielded any seed, but at last produced 

 one; and the tree thus raised was identical with the parent form. 

 D. J, Browne"^ speaks of the varieties of orange, some with a 

 navel-like protuberance with no seeds. This appears to be the 

 the Navel or Bahia variety, which in the State of California is * 



perfectly seedless^ as also in Florida, as I have myself observed. 

 Mr. H. E. Vandeman^ speaks of the variety as being almost en- 

 tirely seedless. Another seedless orange in California is Garey's 

 Mediterranean Sweet; it is of large size, excellent flavor, very 

 delicate texture, and the larger number are entirely seedless^ ^ 



A Japanese orange, the Mushin Tane Nashi Mikaw is said"* to 

 bear a seedless fruit on a thornless tree. The St Michael orange 

 is also of the seedless kind. Dr. Balfour'^ states that the thinness 

 of the rind and its freedom from pips depend on the age of the 

 tree. The young trees when In full vigor bear fruit with a thick 



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