8o 



shows an early state of the germination, and we see here the 

 primary root (R), the hypocotyl (c) and the long, cylindrical 

 cotyledon, bent and forming an acute angle, of which the apex 

 is still enclosed in the seed. It will be so for a short time, 

 after which it gradually lengthens, lifting the testa .of the seed 

 above ground, as shown in Fig. lOi. When the testa of the 



w 



seed drops the free summit of the cotyledon shows a some- 

 what faded aspect (Fig. 102), and at this time the plumule 

 commences to appear through a slit (SI), which has been 

 visible for some time at the base of the cotyledon. The coty- 

 ledon is then green, and is of almost the same shape as the 

 first leaves, except that the apex soon fades away. 



The hypocotyl shows an axis at a very early stage of the 

 development of the young plant, while the following inter- 

 node is exceedingly short, until at last the long-stemmed 

 inflorescence terminates the main axis. 



Eucharis Candida. 

 In this species when the seed germinates the primary root 

 is the first to appear and grows out quite rapidly. The apex 

 of the cotyledon is imbedded in the albumen and never be- 

 comes free, while the base forms an almost tubular body, 

 enclosing the plumule, as shown on Plate XIV, Fig. 103. At 

 a later stage (Fig. 104) the first leaf has come out and alter- 

 nates with the cotyledon, is long-petioled, with the blade 

 elliptic, tapering at both ends like the final leaves of this spe- 

 cies, and we see further the development of the first secondary 

 root. The primary root still persists and shows, like the sec- 

 ondary one, a distinct wrinkling in the upper part, the cause 

 of which will be mentioned later. The base of the cotyledon 

 has increased in thickness and shows an opening above, 

 through which the first leaf has come through, and the whole 

 base shows the beginning of the formation of the bulbous 

 rhizome of the plant, the sheath of the cotyledon persisting 

 for a long time and representing the first bulb-scale. 



LILIACE^. 



Smilax rotundifolia. 

 The material, which has been examined to illustrate the 

 germination and the formation of the rhizome of this plant, 



'- 



^. 



.■^ 



