178 SEMI-CENTENNIAL OF TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB 
were not toxic to guinea pigs or rabbits, while B. Катепеш, В. 
Roxanae, and Strobilomyces strobilaceus were found to have no 
haemolysin or agglutinin and were not toxic to any animal. Ford 
and Sherrick substantiated Peck’s (1911) earlier report on the 
effect of ingesting Clitocybe dealbata sudorifica. Extracts of this 
fungus injected subcutaneously into the body of a rabbit caused 
excessive salivation; the animal became weak and apparently very 
sick, but recovery followed in twenty-four hours. А similar ex- 
tract injected into the body of a guinea pig caused death within 
fifteen minutes. The authors conclude that the extract of Chito- 
cybe dealbata sudorifica is similar in its effects to that of muscarine 
or the pilocarpine series. In a further paper Ford and Sherrick 
(1913) report an attempt to isolate the toxic substances in Clito- 
субе dealbata sudorifica, Inocybe decepiens, and Pholiota autumnalis. 
They found that the chemically extracted preparations of all these 
mushrooms were toxic to rabbits and guinea pigs. 
The extracts of the American forms of Helvella esculenta gave 
negative results when injected into guinea pigs and rabbits, though 
the European species shows toxic properties which have been 
attributed to helvellic acid, as first described by Boehm and Külz 
(1885). 
Clark and Kantor (1911) studied the effects of extracts of 
Amanita muscaria, Inocybe infida, and Clitocybe multiceps on frogs. 
Extracts of these mushrooms were injected into the dorsal lymph- 
sac of frogs or were given to them by way of the mouth. The 
Amanita extract killed a frog in from four to twenty-five minutes 
after injection. The Inocybe extract caused lethargy, paralysis, 
and finally death. Clitocybe multiceps, unlike the other species of 
Clitocybe reported by Ford and Sherrick (1911, 1913) and Gillot 
(1900), proved to be harmless. Clark and Smith (1913) continued 
further the investigations of the properties of Amanita muscaria, 
Inocybe infida, Clitocybe multiceps, and another species, Clitocybe 
illudens, on the hearts of frogs. The heart was exposed and con- 
nected with the kymograph so that a record of the normal con- 
traction was made. The extract in physiological salt solution 
was next applied to the heart. In the case of the application of 
the extracts of the Amanita, Inocybe, and Clitocybe illudens, the 
heart slowed up and soon ceased to beat. This effect was then 
