282 SEMI-CENTENNIAL OF TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB 
represented in the meadows of the same neighborhood, and also 
in western North Carolina, though these southern grass-lands 
may have once been wooded.* 
Lastly, by way of contrast, we may consider the pine-barrens 
of Long Island, which begin immediately east of the Plains. The 
flora of the two regions has much in common, but the vegetation 
is very different. [T There are also some differences between 
representatives of the same species in the two areas, which may 
possibly hereafter be made the basis of subspecific distinctions. 
For example, Quercus prinoides on the prairie has nearly simple 
stems in large clumps, with broader, thinner, and paler leaves 
than in the pine-barrens; and Sericocarpus linifolius has broader 
and more numerous leaves on the prairie, presumably indicating 
better soil, notwithstanding the greater exposure to sun and wind, 
which ought to have just the opposite effect on leaves, if other 
factors were equal. Of the two shrubby oaks characteristic of 
both places, Quercus ilicifolia outnumbers О. prinoides at least 
ten to one in the pine-barrens, while on the Plains the latter is at 
least twice as abundant as the former. 
A discussion of the geographical affinities of the flora, the 
families and genera most numerously represented or conspicuous 
by their absence, etc., belongs more properly to a floristic paper. 
But it may be noted in passing that most of the upland species 
are widely distributed in sunny places, on rather poor soils, in 
the northeastern United States south of the boreal conifer region, 
and almost none of them are found in Europe or near the Pacific 
coast. Few if any are confined to the coastal plain. The two 
arborescent oaks, one of which reaches its northeastern limit here, 
while the other extends to Massachusetts, have been seen by the 
writer, or are reported by others to occur, usually together, on 
the coast of New Jersey, on the edges of the serpentine barrens of 
Pennsylvania and Maryland and dry prairies in Illinois, Missouri, 
and Arkansas, around flat rock outcrops in Georgia and Alabama, 
in the prairies, flatwoods, and barrens of Alabama and Mississippi, 
and lastly in the “cross-timbers” of Oklahoma and Texas, where 
they are said to constitute the bulk of the forest. Both reach 
* See Bull. Torrey Club 27: 322, 327. 1900; Torreya 10: 63. 1010. 
Т See Torreya 8: 1-9. 1908. 
