14 ASTER HISTORY 
disk. Ruellius seems like those before him, to have taken Dios- 
coribes to mean “ with seas which are either purple or yellow, 
each color at different times,’ ‘in different parts of the plant,” 
r “in different on Rane involving the idea of the con- 
fusion of two species together, one yellow and the other purple. 
Anguillara, like Saracenus in 1598, seems to have considered 
Dioscorides’ description a blending of two species, and while in 
Crete and in Corfu, at some time probably during the ten years 
preceding 1546, he satisfied himself that he had found their 
living representatives. One of these was published * from his 
notes in 1561 as ‘‘ Aster Atticus verus’’ ; it is the Buphthalmum 
spinosum of Linnaeus, the Padlenis spinosa of Cassini. 
The combined effect of Fuchs’ and Anguillara’s influence was 
felt in the choice of Aster-types accepted by Conrad Gesner, who 
admitted the leading species of both as Aster Atticus. Writing his 
De hortis Germaniae in the winter of 1560, Gesner termed that of 
Anguillara, Aster Atticus verus, and that of Fuchs simply Aster 
Aiticus. Editing Valerius Cordus together with his own work on 
German gardens the next year, 1561, Gesner makes Cordus ap- 
pear } as recognizing three Asters, that of Fuchs (which Cordus 
had so identified as early as 1539,—perhaps first of any of his 
contemporaries to so identify it) which Cordus, as now edited 
prints as Aster Atticus, while two others, Anthemis tinctorius L., 
and Anacyclus aureus L., appear t as his Aster Atticus also. But 
Valerius Cordus had been dead sixteen years, and these second 
and third asters may have been an accretion to his work after it 
came into Gesner’s hands. 
Gesner is perhaps the clearest example of early recognition 
of diversity among Asters; indeed he believed that there is no 
such thing in nature as a monotypic genus; after his death in 
1565, four species of Aster were found figured or mentioned 
among his papers, two of which he had published as Aster in 
1561. 
*In Anguillara’s gona 
: edited by his friend Marinello in 1561 
{ Valerius Cordus’ «*A —— ones in Dioscoridis ... libros V «, Historias stirpium 
libri IV posthumi ..., et Sie *—, edited by Géner and including, as fol. 236-300, 
Gesner’s ‘* De hortis Germaniae.”’ Rihel, Strasburg, 1561. 
t Fide J. and C. Bauhin. 
. 
a 
