GALEN’s ASTER MEDICAMENTS 89 
The components which he used included terra Samia, myrrh, 
opium and tragacanth; and mineral ingredients, as “ Cadmia 
usta et lota, stibium, plumbum, spodium” etc. Galen, 12, 
761. 
Aster pharmacon.—Another Aster medicament for ulcers used 
by Galen and before by Asclepiades, is the ‘“‘ Aster pharmacon ” of 
Galen, 13 : 735; where Galen, writing in c. 13 “Concerning em- 
plastra which Asclepiades * prescribed for ulcers,” describes as best 
of these one called Pharmacion of mineral substance, and next, 
his Asteros pharmacon, also mainly of mineral composition, pre- 
sumably with a basis of the Aster Samius; it was compounded 
with aerugio, chalcitis, oil, etc. ; its description beginning Aare pos 
cdppaxoy ... tate 08 deagetax, da07j, or Asteris medicamentum 
ad idem accommodatum, ... etiam discutit. 
Aster stomachicos, another of Galen's aster medicaments, is 
thus described: “ Aster stomachicos, facit ad. eos quibus cibus in 
ventre accessit ad tormina, destillationes, dolorem capitis, spuentes 
sanguinem, tabefacentes, affectiones circa vesicam et uterum.”’ 
Give in pastilles. Contains mandragora, myrrh, balaustion, crocus, 
anise, opium, storax, seeds of apium and hyoscyamus, Hyssopus 
Creticus, and castorium. Galen, 13: 164. 
Aster anodynes.—Galen also describes a long series of ano- 
dynes, to some of which he gave the name Aster ; in his work on the 
composition of drugs and medicines, his z<p¢ aonbéasws gappdxay ; 
its fifth chapter, concerning anodynes beginning “ This class of 
medicaments for relieving pain, the earlier physicians made and 
called by the name Anodynes, dv@dvvoc.”” Among these standard 
anodynes of which Galen gives name and composition were, (1) 
that prescribed by the physician Andromachus,* with opium, 
hyoscyamus, etc. ; (2) that of Marcellinus, “ add to the preceding 
dried roses, crocus, anise,” etc. ; (3) the Seed Anodyne, “ anodynon 
ex seminibus,”’ with seeds of apium, ammi, anise, fennel, opium, 
cassia nigra, etc. ; (4) that of Achillea, including most of the pre- 
* Among numerous physicians of this name, the one Galen refers to was probably 
the one most celebrated of all, Asclepiades of Bithynia, who acquired a great reputation 
as asuccessful physician at Rome, about 50 A. D. Gumpert published the few exist- 
ing fragments of his writings in 1794. 
* Physician to Nero; see infra, under Dioscorides. 
