90 AsTER History 
ceding ingredients and nard, piper, etc. (5) Xenocrates’ * anodyne 
with gentian and with some of the preceding ingredients ; (6) the 
anodyne called sphragis, the signet-stamped anodyne with mandra- 
gora, opium, crocus, etc. 
Galen's Aster anodyne.-—Seventh of this series of anodynes is 
Galen’s own Aster anodyne, of which he says : “‘ Another anodyne 
called Aster,t banishing pain, which I use for any flux and all in- 
ternal troubles and indigestions, and for the bladder, for dysentery, 
for suffocationes uteri, for fluxum muliebrem, stomachi fluxionem, 
sanguinem rejicientes,’’ etc. The composition of this Aster ano- 
dyne was nearly as complex as its efficacy ;— 
“Croci obol 3, seminis hyoscyami > 6, seminis apii > 6, anist 
> 4, styracis > 4, seminis dauci > 4, castorii > 2, opli > 3, 
myrrh > 2, quidem etiam mandragorae succi > 4, ut vero Xen- 
ocrates,* etiam piperis albi > 6, cum aqua fac pastillos triobolares. 
Dato ex aqua.”’ Galen, 13: 91. 
Many other anodynes follow, including that of Lycomedes, with 
dried roses and myrrh ; that of Rufus ¢ ; the anodyne Resiccatoria, 
with rose-leaves and flowers of Juncus odoratus ; the anodyne Mi- 
rabilis, dvedvv0> Aavyastic, made with seseli, tussilago, chamae-_ 
pitys, and sylvestris, rheum Ponticum, with poppy-seeds, ete. ; and — 
finally, omitting many of less note, his oe 
‘‘ Aster unsurpassed, a drug accurately compounded as an 
Anodyne, Sleep-producer, All-usefull. ae 
‘“Aatnp dvixytoc, odppaxoy emeretepypeévoy dvw@duvoy, Sxvoro0y, a 
modypnatoy.” “ Aster alter inexsuperabilis, medicamentem accom- 
modatum sedans dolorem, inducens somnum, multi usus ad varios 
affectus. Nam et stomachi morbos mirabiliter sanat a ructibus 
acidis, aegris concoctibus, torminibus volvulis, inflationibus. Facit 
ad capitis dolorem potatum et foris illitum fronti aceto dilutum.” 
Used also for the eyes, with the juice of Perdicium (Parietaria) : 
for toothache with a fig or galbanum ; for inflamed tonsils, for 
Ae eee 
* Xenocrates, a physician of Cilicia of about 150 A. D; of his writings some 
omer survive, and a short treatise on food-fishes , etc., ** De Alimento ex Aquatili- 
bus,”’ edited by Pranz, 1774, Leipzig, and at — aes since ; deemed ‘‘ an interesting es 
eas of the state of natural history at the time. “ 
fT "AdAn, 6 aorhp avedw OC, % Xpayar 
{ Rufus Ephesius, celebrated Greek shone of about 100 A.D., born at Fess, : 
wslion of various works still extant. 
