HiIppocraTEs’ POLYOPHTHALMON 107 
tered it in the text of Dioscorides when he was intending to enter 
the name zodvdgbaipov. Nothing would be more natural than 
such an omission of a first syllable. The letters for 5é¢Haipoy, 
without breathing or accent, are just what would appear in the 
lower line if the scribe was copying from a MS. in which zoivdg- 
Guinov had happened to occur divided with its first syllable com- 
pleting the upper line. _ If in copying his glance missed that initial 
syllable, he may have gone on with the rest of the work uncon- 
scious of omission. When some later scribe copied this and 
added such breathings and accents as seemed called for, the word 
assumed its present form and was then recopied again and again. 
Perhaps this substitution of Sé¢@aipov for zodvogbaipov occurred 
in the third century ; perhaps after Galen, A.D. c. 180, who does 
not seem to know such a word as 50gHadpov; but certainly as 
early as its appearance in the oldest existing manuscript of Dios- 
corides, written at the end of the fifth century. 
fippocrates’ Polyophthalmon.—We conclude, therefore, that 
probably zodvdgGadyoy was a synonym for Aster Atticus ; was in- _ 
serted as such in early MSS. of Dioscorides ; and when used by 
Hippocrates, probably included Aster Atticus in its reference ; 
especially since his use for it seems akin to its use prescribed for 
tumors by Dioscorides. 
Hippocrates’ reference occurs in his Liber de Articulis,* one 
of his admittedly genuine works, where, speaking of sores result- 
ing from dislocations, he says 
ta O& Shxog tntpegsiv . . . tohv0gOdhporory, . . 
7. ., ‘the sore is to be cured by application of the plant polyoph- 
thalmon ; or, he goes on to say, “by such other dressings as are 
used for wounds; but nothing of a very cold nature should be 
applied.” 
Galen’ s Polyophthalmon.—Galen, who died about 200 A.D., in 
his commentary on Hippocrates, writing perhaps 600 years after 
the above reference to polyophthalmon was written, translates it 
by buphthalmon, and cites Diocles as supporting him, a follower 
of Hippocrates who may have written about 270 B.C. Foés, 
making his Latin translation of Hippocrates 1 in 1 1596, followed 
Satara ee tit ation 
* Hippocrates’ epi ap@pev, edn. Kuhn, 3°) 245. 
