THe NAME BurpHTHALMON 131 
nobilis L. (Adams; Dunbar; Bodaeus, 687; but A. xobilis seems 
used chiefly in the flowers, and internally.) 
Chrysanthemum segetum L,., the corn-marigold, is identified by 
Sibthorp and authors in general as included in the buphthalmon of 
Dioscorides*and of Nicander ;§ has less active properties ; is, like 
Anthemis tinctoria, the source of a yellow dye. 
Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (Pinardia coronaria Lessing), the 
crown daisy, with discutient flowers, is considered to be the chrysan- 
themum and buphthalmon of Dioscorides,* ¢ the chrysanthes § of 
Nicander, the chrysanthus of Vergil’s Culex + (404) and “the 
buphthalmon of the ancients” { [Foster] ; earlier than these, it 
was probably the duphthalmon of Diacles about 270 B. C., the 
chrystos anthemos of Sappho,|| 85, about 611 B. C., and the ca/che 
or chalcas of Alcman, 30,§ about 650 B. C.; and of Nicander, 2, 60. 
Hippocrates’ chief contribution to knowledge of Aster consists in 
what he says of polyophthalmon, above discussed, and in the light 
this throws upon the name hyophthalmon. 
II. ARISTOTLE. 
Aristotle, born 384 B.C., does not give descriptions of plants in 
his works which remain ; but gives incidental references to many, 
61 such plants being listed by Aubert and Wimmer as men- 
tioned by Aristotle in their edition of the ten books of his 7iver- 
kunde (Leipsig, 1888); which include a few composites, as spe- 
cies of Carthamus, but no Aster, the nearest of kin being Aristotle's 
xiwvta (book iv, 96) regarded by Fraas as Evigeron viscosum L., 
by Sprengel as Erigeron graveolens L. 
Throughout the great range of Aristotle’s extant writings his 
use of dacyo seems to be almost always in the primary sense of 
“a star” with exceptions of the giant Aster, slain by Mineus ; 
and of his marine starfish dozyo of De animalibus, v, 72, of which 
Soo Writes 6 08 xahobpzvos datyp odcw Osppos sore thy goa, 
. acpobpevor. 
* Sibthorp. 
t Fée 
For s sieges ore Medical Dictionary, Appleton, 1890. 
2 Bille 
s ning oat with form beautiful as the chrysanthemum blossoms.’’ 
{ “« Wearing a golden chain woven with petals of lovely chalcas.” 
