THE CopDEX CONSTANTINUS 149 
corides were added to the MS. before 250 A. D., while the origina 
Dacia survived, before the terms Azrel/ian or Moesio-Dacian be- 
came likely to replace the unmodified form Dacian. Certainly 
they were added to the MS. before the writing of those MSS. from 
which came the oldest existing codices, dating from the 5th century 
and onward ; and pretty surely before Apuleius Platonicus wrote 
his numerous synonyms, perhaps about 400 A. D. So we may 
conclude that some one collected these Dacian names, probably in 
Dacia north of the Danube, perhaps between 200 and 250 A. D., 
when the Roman colony had already existed a century or more 
and had begun to produce in the native Thracian speech that se- 
ries of changes in vocabulary and syntax which has persuaded so 
many students that the modern Wallachian tongue * is “ lineally 
descended from the Latin.”’ 
Copices oF DIoSCORIDES 
One of the most interesting of all the features of the MSS. of 
Dioscorides is the presence of colored figures, one for each plant 
as a rule, figures which presumably reflect features from the fig- 
ures of Cratevas though mingled with many crude accretions. Of 
these MSS. the following seem each to contain an Aster figure. 
C. Codex Constantinus at Vienna, brought from Constanti- 
nople to Matthioli by Busbequius ¢ ; known as C; of the 5th cen- 
tury, the scribe attesting that he wrote § it by command of Juliana 
Anicia, daughter of the emperor Olyber (Flavius Anicius Olybrius), 
who died 472 A.D. Its letters are large, with no accents or dia- 
critic signs : it contains 387 parchment leaves, with alphabetical ar- 
rangement of subjects, and 380 illustrations, each introduced by the 
received Greek name of the plant in red, and followed by an Ara- 
* While many features in their speech are believed to represent elements no older 
than Latin, the myths and lore still current among the Vlachs may go back beyond the 
old Thracian ; Rodd believed that much of their mythic lore may be really from a 
ume before the dispersion of the Western Aryans,’’ Rodd, 42. 
t Wellmann, ‘* Krateuas,’’ Berlin, 1897. See supra, p. 121-3. : 
‘ t Augier Busbecq, a Flemish antiquary and diplomatist, 1522-1592, Austrian am- 
assador to Constantinople, who took care to collect for the Vienna library such MSS. 
as had survived the fall of the Greek empire, bringing to Vienna not only ancient Greek 
codices like C above, but also recent Greek folk songs (now edited by Emile Legrand ) 
of the 14th century. 
# About 492 A.D., as commonly stated. 
