ILLUSTRATED CODICES 151 
after 180 A. D., or later than Galen, Wel/mann. Haller remarks 
of its figures that “they are sufficiently exact to enable the botan- 
ical traveller with such drawings in his hands, to distinguish the 
plants of Dioscorides in their native places of growth.” 
Codex Parisinus, no. 2179, of oth century; uncial; 402 
figures, to the end of book IV. ; praised by Salmasius ; pronounced 
“best” by Wellmann; not greatly esteemed by Sprengel; con- 
tains the text from II., c. 204 to V., c. 124; Arabic and Latin plant 
names are added by three distinct hands; contains also Coptic 
plant names according to Sprengel, who inferred that the MS. was 
written in Egypt. 
Codex Athos, of 12th century; 404 figures, 5 to 12 cm. 
high, with name beneath, standing in the text; at the next de- 
scription but one after Aster Atticus, that of the Viola odorata, 
lov zopevpow, a figure showing two ladies with vases is intro- 
duced ; as if copied from a Greek source which connected the 
violet with its appreciation among Grecian women. 
Codex Marcianus, XCII., of 13th century. Was this one 
of the ‘‘exemplaria codices”’ used by Anguillara and Manardus, 
presumably from the Marcian library of Venice? 
Codex Parisinus, no. 2180, 15th century ; it states that it 
was written by Georgius Midiates about 1481; with the figures 
except in some cases where the blank spaces left for them re- 
mained unused. 
Codex Parisinus, no. 2183, 15th century; figures from 
bk. 2, c. 107 to end of bk. 4. 
Codex Bonn, no. 3632, 16th century; illustrations 2-6 
on a page, some of the same as in C. 
In the Vatican 6 other codices are preserved. Matthioli con- 
sulted MSS. from Constantinople, said to have included some now 
unknown, additional to the Codex C at Vienna. 
There are two codices of Dioscorides in the Bodleian library 
(Pulteney, 1:57), 3637, De Herbarum Natura et Virtutibus, cum 
conibus elegantibus ; and 840, an Arabic version of 5 books, “ cum 
Nominibus a Thoma Hyde adjectis.”’ 
A Latin translation of Dioscorides, used by Marcellus Vergilius 
as the Langobardic codex (Monacensis, 37 7): investigations upon 
this by Auracher were continued after his death, by Hoffmann and 
