170 Aster History; MAkcELLUS EmMpiRIcUs 
thought to have used these names for Argemon (= Inguinaria = 
Aster Amellus). But more probably he intended Argemonia, in 
the sense of Papaver (see supra, p. 156). So Strabus seems to 
have applied the names in 842, in whose poem they appear as 
“ Agrimonia or Sarcocola.’’ Marcellus avoids this confusion of 
Argemonia and Agrimonia, giving Agrimonia separate treatment, 
with a strange native name, “ Hociamsani sive Agrimoniae radix,” 
c. 20, a word which may owe its present grotesque form to a mis- 
take in copying, and its resemblance to Hyoscyamus to accident. 
Strumus herba, so mentioned twice, chapters 1 and 2; a name 
of the same form and origin with Herba Inguinalis for Aster; and 
implying a similar reputation for curing the s¢ruma, or ulcer. 
Marcellus Empiricus probably intended by this name our Solanum 
nigrum L.* Pliny also states, 27, 44, that some persons give the 
name Strumus and others Sérychnon ( = Sirychnon in Dioscorides ; 
and 7rychnon in Pliny 21, 52 and 105) to the plant Cucubalus (2. ¢., 
the owl’s plant), or, in other MS., Cuculus (2. ¢., cuckoo), meaning 
Solanum nigrum L., which Riley therefore terms “‘ the ‘strumous’ 
or ‘scrofula’ plant.” Its berries or leaves were used, says Pliny, 
for scrofulous sores, lumbago, headache, and serpent-stings. 5 
/nula, quae Graece dicitur Helenium (2. ¢., /nu/a Helenium L.). 
Inula rustica, Halum, Alum Gallicum, Allium Gallicum, Sym- 
phyti radix, Portulaca; all these are given as synonyms by Mar- 
cellus Empiricus, for Symphytum tuberosum L., the Wallwurz of 
Germany, ojpdurov zetpatov of Dioscorides, a/um of Pliny. 
Viola marina; ‘ Ceratitis, quam herbam Violam marinam 
appellamus, (c. 27)’’; an uncertain plant ; xepustez occurs, Theo- 
phrastus 3, 17, as name of 7) vigonella Foenum-Graecum io 
Other synonyms of interest include : 
Lingua bubula,and Lingua bovis or Burduncula, are uncer- 
tain names, to be added, with Corona bubula of Apicius, to the old 
names formed from 0%< considered supra, pp. 69, 70 0. 
one his 
* Two plants of this reputed power are named Strumus herba by Pliny ; 
Ranunculus, the Greek Batrachion os Ranunculus Asiaticus, R. Sard i 
rdoiis, R. rac ae 
catus, and R. aquatilis, fide Fée) of which Pliny says, 25, 109, ‘‘ Our herbalists ae 
this plant the name of ¢ Strum 
us’ from the circumstance of its being curative of seu 
ae and inflamed tumors, for which purpose a portion of it is hung up [in the chimney] 
in the smoke. Itisa general belief, too, with them, that if it is replanted the malady 
so cured will reappear ; a criminal practice, for which the plantago is also employed 
