186 Aster History; THE Moors 
Arabic authors who are likely to have treated of Aster but of 
which I have not been able to get detailed evidence include: 
Haly filius Abbas, or Ibn Alabbasz, a celebrated Persian phy- 
sician who died 994 and wrote before 983; his Liber totius medl- 
cina was a Latin translation from him, made 1127 by Stephanus 
Antiochenus, and printed Venice 1492, and Lyons 1523; not yet 
printed in Arabic ; this ‘Royal Book” was the Arabic standard 
in medicine till Avicenna wrote. 
Mesue or Filius Mesue * or Janus Damascenus, who lived 926- 
1016; wrote on medical remedies, including Eupatorium, etc.; a 
Latin translation appeared at Leyden, 1531, by Campegius ; and 
at Venice, 1540; another issue at Venice, 1562, printing two Latin 
translations together, the new being by Sylvius; his De Simpli- 
cibus was for centuries the standard for materia medica and was 
used in forming the first London Pharmacopeia, time of James k 
Ibn Golgol, court-physician to the Moorish caliph in Spain 
Hischam II., who reigned 976-1013; travelled in Syria, etc.; 
wrote on the remedies omitted by Dioscorides ; discussed many 
herbs, and treated especially of palms and other trees. 
Ibn Alawwam of Seville, wrote 1158 or before, Meyer, 3° 
261; his Libro de Agricultura, published at Madrid, 1802, in @ 
Spanish translation from the Arabic, by Banqueri, mentions 585 
plants.+ 
Averroes, or Ibn Roschid, born at Cordova about 1126, died 
at Morocco 1198, the great Arabic commentator on Aristotle ; 
many of his writings on natural history have appeared in Latin, as 
his De Simplicibus, published by Brunfels, 1531, with Rhasis, etc. 
Moses Maimonides, or Masa Ben Maimun, a scholar of Aver- 
roes, born 1140 of a Jewish family in Cordova, also wrote oF 
plants ; as in his Mischna, published at Amsterdam, 1698-1703 
in the Latin translation by Surenhusius. His work also exists 12 
Hebrew as well as Arabic. 
Ibn Baithar, a Malagan, who travelled in Greece, Asia and 
Africa, and who, says Sprengel, “ ardor increaibili pulsus, wande 
* The elder Mesue, who wrote 857-8, was also famed for his knowledge of drug 
+ The French translation by Clement Mullet, in 2 vols., Paris, 1864-7 5 bro, a 
pp-, bears the title Jén-Al-Avam Le Livre de Vagriculture. A copy of this ei . 
already rare, was offered in Paris in IgOI, at 20 fr. One is in the Sturtevant library: 
