CHARLEMAGNE’S CAPITULARIES 191 
these: Abrotanum (= Artemisia Abrotanum), Dragontea (= Ar- 
temisia Dracunculus), Intubae and Solsequium (= Cichorium 
Endivia and C. Intybus, fide Reuss), Lactuca (= Lactuca sativa), 
Tanazita (= 7anacetum vulgare), and Costum (= Balsamita ?). 
Some of Charlemagne’s plants are completely disguised, as 
Warentia (= Rubia tinctorum, Fr. Garance), Vulgigina (plural, 
=Asarum Europaeum), Britlae (= Allium Schoenoprasum), 
Pirarii (= Pyrus communis), etc. 
XXXV. CHARLEMAGNE’S BReEviARY, 812 
Charlemagne gave instructions in 812 that an inventory be 
made “of all things in the church, farmhouse and tenements, and 
in the royal possession.” One of these “ Breviaries’’ or inventories 
remains in the Codex of Helmstadt,* and contains 50 plant-names, 
which forms, remarks Meyer, 3: 412, “the first rudiments of a 
Flora Germanica.”’ Many of the plants of the Breviary are less 
classically named than in the Capitularies, progress toward Galli- 
cizing their Latin names showing in frequent clippings at either 
end, as Scalonia for the previous Ascalonia and Petresilum for 
Petreselinum ; or in the middle, as Nepta for the Latin Nepeta. 
The Compositae of the Breviary are. only ‘‘ Abrotanum, Taneza- 
tum or Tanazita, and Costus.’’ Names of special importance in 
the present connection include : 
Acrimonia: not in Capitularies ; Meyer deems it to be = Agrt- 
monia Eupatorium L.; but not the Agrimonia of Strabus and 
of others later (as Pseudo-Macer), which was the Argemonia of 
Pliny ; see supra, pp. 156, 169, etc. 
Caulae and Caules: Cawu/i in the Capitularies; = Caulis of 
Macer ; late Latin for Brassica the cabbage ; see p. 205. 
XXXVI. RHABANUS 
_ Bishop Rhabanus} or Hrabanus of Mentz{ was perhaps: the 
*Helmstadt in Brunswick, seat of a former university. 
__ TRhabanus Magnentius Maurus, 774-856, Abbot of Fulda 822-842, afterward 
Bishop of Mentz, 847, etc., born of an ancient family at Mentz, was devoted to learning 
vig boyhood, and already at school at nine, pursuing studies in a Benedictine cloister 
*t Fulda. His friend Bishop Haymo of Halberstadt had a copy of the De Universo, 
about 843, ; 
Mai {With Rhabanus begins the long series of associations of botanical history with 
et Mayence or Mentz, the city which Gutenberg was to immortalize by his comple. 
"0M, 1456, of the invention of printing. Mentz, on the west bank of the Rhine opposite 
