PLANT-NAMES IN MACER 207 
Macer’s Latin FoLK-NAMES 
Macer is perhaps of greatest value in these references to plant- 
names, especially those of popular use; and in his folk-remedies, 
for that source seems the explanation of many of his prescriptions. 
That quite a number of examples of amulets or of other forms of 
credulity are to be found in his pages is to be expected ; but they 
are few in comparison with Pliny. Among Macer’s Latin names 
of popular use are these : 
Pes pulli, chicken-foot, for the plant he says is called Portulaca 
in Latin, Andrachne in Greek, Pes pulli in the common speech: c. 
XIX.; meaning our Portulaca oleracea, formerly known in Ger- 
many as Hanenvot, Hanenvoed, 1. ¢., Pes pulli or chicken-foot. 
Paratella, c. 63, 1993, for Latin Lapathum, a Rumex ; in Span- 
ish known as Paradella, in Fr. as Parelle; a word of Gothic, 
Lombard, or Frankish origin ? occurring again in a 15th century 
MS. at Padua, the ‘“‘ Erbario di Padova” (see Giacosa, 447) as 
Patella sive Paratela, and as Patella sive Piratella. 
Maurella, c. 60, line 1918, folk-Latin; Maurella, Maureola 
and Morella, in MSS. of Macer; the Greek Strychnos, our 
Solanum nigrum ; which plant is made its equivalent by Mat- 
thaeus Sylvaticus, citing Maurella in a line from Macer. 
Vulgago, c. 46, for Asarum ; Fulbert, 1029 A. D., also has 
Vulgago ; it seems to appear first, a plural, Vulgigina, in Charle- 
magne’s Capitularies, 800 or shortly after. 
Others, like the last in not making absolutely their first appear- 
ance in Macer, are his Gaisdo for Isatis, Colubrina for Arum, 
Gamandrea (our Germander) for Teucrium chamacdrys L., Canicu- 
lata for Hyoscyamus, Lingua bovis for Buglossum, Acidula for 
Sedum, Eviscum and Altea for Hibiscus or Althaea. 
AsTER REFERENCES IN MACER 
From Macer, brought up in southern Italy, mention of Aster 
Atticus and Amellus could hardly be expected, and does not occur 
“S such ; but there are signs of fragments of the body of ideas once 
associated with Aster, which had descended to him and now come 
"P under other names. Consideration of these and of plant-names 
or beliefs of importance in their relation to the development of 
