216 Aster History ; SALERNO 
secrecy about their knowledge of plant-properties, or at least were 
so credited by later interpreters. This secular school was finally 
given a definite and public character, according to Meyer, by Con- 
stantinus Africanus, about 1070, and its code was confirmed by 
King Roger of Sicily in 1100, and in 1152 by Frederick. But in 
the next century, the thirteenth, its influence began to give way 
before that of the newly-introduced Arabic medicine and before the 
growing importance of the medical school of Paris and of its own 
offshoots at Naples and Montpellier. 
SALERNITAN PHYSICIANS AND PLANT-WRITERS 
The following is an outline list of Salernitan physicians and 
masters, with the dates, actual or approximate, of their activity. 
Most, if not all, of these were contributors or transmitters to that 
knowledge of medical plants which became recognized as the com- 
mon property of the school, many of them, doubtless, making 
additions to the stock of plants there in cultivation which devel- 
oped into its botanical garden. 
848. Macer Floridus may have been at Salerno at this time (p. 198), and one 
Josephus medicus was already established there, buying real estate in 848 and 856. Per: 
**Scolapio medicus,’’ the Alexandrian theosophist Esculapius. Part second is thera 
peutic, and of great interest to the student of plant-history, consisting of three treatises 
on medical plants, all illustrated by figures, as follows ; 
1. The Alphaheta Herbarum ; see infra, ad Paternianum, p. 23% 
“t nan: Platonicus’ Herbarix um. 
: 3. A treatise on remedies of both vegetable and animal origin which 
attributes itself to Dioscorides, and is a pon of the Paternian De simplicibus formerly 
attributed to Gariopontus ; see p, 232. 
The mother- cloister sd waste twenty years but was again the seat of — in 
915, and under its abbot Theobald, 1022-1035, and especially ere —_— 
Desiderius, abbot ee the monk Dauferius, who b S POPs ey Vico 
III., is said to have had his monks write many theological ae Hae works and @ 
Codex Medicinalis, of which only the name is known. 
Ifanus, his friend, ‘¢a physician, who had won the applause of the great for his 
knowledge of that art before he became a Geistliche man,” says Meyer, 00 i as 
monastery of Monte Cassino in 1055 brought many medicinal books with him 
Constantinus cia called ‘‘ the third great scholar of Monte Casati, 
ter known at Salern 
John, of Milan ‘aad Naples, fourth of these contemporary students of ne 
powers, forms, on adding Bertharius, the fifth writer on nature or on medical plantall 
this series from Monte Cassino, See infra, p. 236. 
1 is bet 
nature’s 
