PATERNIAN PLANT-NAMES 233 
Lucca, 236, under the name De pigmentis: It occurs in the Codex 
Vienna 2425, probably coeval with Gariopontus. It again ap- 
pears in book V of Schott’s 1533 Strasburg De sémplicibus, at- 
tributed by him to Oribasius. 
This De simplicibus is clearly traceable, says Giacosa, to a 
Latin translation of Dioscorides executed for the use of the Goths 
during their dominion in Italy, 493-555, which translation long 
supplanted the true Dioscorides, and was the Dioscorides used 
by Simon Januensis. 
Meyer catalogs 32 peculiar Paternian plant-names. Among 
these are : 
“ Argemone... hujus radicem Graeci Eupatorium dicunt.” 
“ Artemisia herba est subsimilis Absinthio, sed per omnia vas- 
tior, in foliis latior, ramis altior et fortior, sed aspectu et colore 
humidis” (Meyer would read similis). 
Other names include ‘‘Bulbus erraticus” for Colchicum, “Cuculus, 
graece Cinenon, alii Strychnon,” for Solanum nigrum, “Lipsiani ” for 
Cicer, “Salvicula” for Valeriana Celtica, etc. Another, “Cridrium,” 
is otherwise unknown. Here also, under the name Vella herba, 
occurs the first known description of Carrichtera Vella, which was 
first recalled to modern knowledge by Anguillara.* 
XLI. ConsTantTinus AFRICANUS 
Constantinus Africanus or Afer, born in Carthage about 1003, 
buried about 1100 at Monte Cassino, was, about 1070, the real 
founder of the university work of Salerno, as claimed by Meyer, 
3: 471-483. Meyer’s claim is that Constantinus transformed the 
Salernitan school ; that the school had been before but a guild of 
physicians who held their learning and remedies secret, and made 
no writings public - “that it was Constantinus’ great work, that he 
transformed the anciently-founded and high-esteemed Salernitan 
School from a guild of physicians to an open academy, most of 
Whose writers thereafter wrote with a view to publicity.” 
Constantinus had made long and extensive journeys through 
the Orient in the study of medicine and philosophy, f spending 40 
arithmetic, mathematics, astron- 
