276 Aster History : HILDEGARDIS 
Fridelsouge or Fridelsauga,* for Tragopogon porrifolius ; see 
infra, under Anguillara. Alentidium,+ Inula Helenium, the 
German Alant. Febrifuga and Mettra,+ for Pyrethrum Parthenium. 
Rubea,+ for Rubia tinctorum. Wehdystel,t for Centaurea Cal- 
citrapa. Stignus,+ for Atropa Belladonna. Himmelschlussel,t for 
Primula vulgaris. Pandonia,t for Chelidonium majus. Hunes- 
darm,t for Stellaria media. 
XLVI. ALsBEeRTUS MAGNUS 
Albert of Lauingen, commonly known as Albertus Magnus, or 
as Albert Graf von Bollstadt, remarkable among mediaeval writers 
for his attention to the physiology and philosophy of plants, was 
born in 1193 at Lauingen in Suabia (now in Bavaria), was bishop 
_of Ratisbon in 1260, and died in 1280, aged 87. 
In his De vegetabilibus et plantis,§ expanded from Nicolaus 
Damascenus, whose work he took to be the genuine work of 
Aristotle, he devotes the sixth book to individual notices of plants, 
the only part of his work with which our present subject is con- 
cerned, but not that on which he himself set a high value, for of 
these small details of fact he speaks slightingly, remarking “ De 
particularibus enim philosophia esse non poterit.”’ 
Notwithstanding this self-depreciation, this part of. his work is 
of the greatest interest and service, on account of peculiar names 
and realistic descriptive touches with which his own experience 
filled it. 
To edit this work was one of the fond hopes of the historian of 
classic and mediaeval botany, Ernest H. F. Meyer, and when his 
death left his work partly finished it was ably continued by Jessen 
and published in unusually elaborate completeness, in 1867, at 
Berlin, under the name “ Alberti Magni... De vegetabilibus hibrt 
VII,” to the pages of which my references will relate. 
Its seventh book treats 398 plants in alphabetical chapters, 
based primarily on Avicenna, Plateario (in the Circa instans) and 
Isidorus Hispalensis, With the material taken from these authors 
‘‘ he weaves in his own observations, and these often of the acutesty 
sincaeirtilaticatinlhnisctch iain 
* Fide Jessen. + Fide Meyer. } Fide Sprengel. 
; ¢ Rarely Printed ; first at Venice, 1517; by Jammy at Leyden, $0555 9m 
the critical edition of Meyer and Jessen, Berlin, 1867, 8vo, 752 p. 
d again, 
