278 Aster History; ALBERTUS MAGNUS 
Camomilla for Matricaria chamomilla L. Cotula fetida for 
Anthemis Cotula.. Canuca perhaps for Gnaphalium, Crocus for 
Carthamus tinctorius L.; with the usual endivia, cicorea, lactuca, 
lappa, carduus, centaurea, absinthium, ‘‘artemisia,’ abrotanum, 
“piretrum,” and millefolium, are his other chief Compositae. 
XLVII. Rarmunpus LULLUuUS 
Raimundus Lullus, 1235-1315, surnamed Palmensis from his 
birth at Palma on the island of Majorca, in youth a hermit, later a 
missionary among the Arabians, and finally a Franciscan monk, 
became known as one of the greatest alchemists of the Middle 
Ages. Two of the writings which emanated from his monkish 
cell concern plants directly. One of these, his ‘‘ Quintessence an 
or “Arcana of Nature,” arranges plants in “canons” according 
to temperament or supposed qualities. He does not mention Aster 
itself ; among plants which this survey of Aster history has in- 
cluded he makes the following references : 
Canon 8 of Book I, among the 40 plants listed here as “ calida” 
in the 1st degree are adsinthium, borago, eupatorium, camomilla, 
folia gariofilorum, sarcocolla, etc. 
Canon 9, warm in the 2d degree, 35 plants, including polium. 
Canon 10, warm in the 3d degree, exula, gariofili [1. ¢., Dian- 
thus ; see p. 260]. 
Canon 14, moist in the 3d degree, flores violae coelestis, and 
violae viridis [compare Arnald’s contemporary distinction, p. 2471: 
Canon 27, astringents, including serra sigilla and planiago. — 
The other work by Raimundus which requires allusion here 1s 
his translation of the Greek treatise + known as Kiranides. T 
orsion of Cifras’ 
Turego, for Melissa officinalis, p. 94, deemed by Jessen a verbal t 
rsion of boracho, 
Palladius’ name for it ; but it is almost as likely to be a copyist’s perve 
Macer’s Calabrian name for Melissa. 
* Printed 1541 by the title ‘* De secretis naturae sive Quintessentia libri . ” 
Naturae Arcanis’’; with name of its author in the form “Raimundus Lullus Majon pe 
A copy is in the Latimer Clark collection, in the library of the Amer. Institute 
Electrical Engineers, N. Y. City. 
t This treatise seems to have existed first in the form of a single book See? . os 
2: 356), the Ayranis, written (or edited from the work of an earlier weiter wen 
may call Kyranis?) by an alchemist, one Harpocration (not the Alexandrian ) i a 
cited (as the Ayranis of Hermes) by Olympiodorus, perhaps 425 A. D., togetber 
duo sive 
