RaimMuNDus’ KyYRANIDES 279 
Meyer, 2: 361-6, comments upon some 24 plants which appear 
in the first book (the original Kyranis) of Raimundus’ translation 
under peculiar names : among which is “ Eryngius.” This chapter 
on Eryngium is of particular interest, as showing none of the 
blending with Aster which appeared in Serapion, the Arabic plant 
writer of the west; instead, in the Arabic writing of the east (in 
which form the Kyranides may have existed long before the trans- 
lation by Raimundus), the blending of Eryngium is not with Aster 
but with the verbena, and we find the Kyranides using Centum- 
capita and Peristereon as synonyms, 2. ¢., Eryngium campestre and 
Verbena officinalis. 
a lost work by Harpocration, the Lider Archaicus, of similar character. Harpocration 
may have been but a redactor, and if but half a century older than Olympiodorus, may 
have been living as late as 370 A. D. 
It was thought by Meyer rer a reference in Tertullian may have applied to the 
original work which came to be called Kyranis. If so, Harpocration may have made 
additions to the work of so soon Gite writer whom we may call Kyranis, and 
who may have written hae “Tertallian, z. ¢., before D 
A second redaction of Kyranis followed much later, perhaps 709 A. D.; its un- 
known author we may call Kyranos ue with Raimundus, Kiranus); the treatise now 
consisted of four books or Ayranides, , the amended Kyranis and three additional 
ks: first mentioned by Georgios Synkellos in 792. 
The third ssa fide Meyer, was the translation by Raimundus Lullus, and 
seems to have been made 1280 or later. This translation was attributed by Aldrovandi 
in the 16th century to aida: Cremonensis; but was credited, as edited by Rivinus, 
to one “* RA, PA, infimus clericus,’’—which gave to Meyer the hint that the translator 
was Raimundus Palmensia; in which theory he was confirmed by finding in it traces of 
the alchemist, of Spanish (or Italian ?) idioms and of Arabic, and man, y other features 
pointing to Raimundus as translator. Raimundus cites Simon racers his Italian 
contemporary, but seems not to know Albertus Magnus, the great Bavarian of a half 
entury before. 
y writers from Olympiodorus to Scaliger and Salmasius, the Kiranides — 
variously attributed to an Aegyptian, Arabic, Syrian, and Persian origin ; —_ 
for Meyer in 1855 to show that it was probably written at first in Greek, with quota- 
tions from Dioscorides, Pliny and Theocritus, with arrangement ©! of its articles on plants, 
minerals and animals in the order of the Greek alphabet, and with indications of Greek 
Conceptions and nam : 
t What is called its first edition appeared as ‘‘ Kirani Kiranides,”’ or ‘* Liber 
Physico-medicus Kiranidum Kirani...aureus gemmeusye,”’ 1638, without place ; with 
addition of notes, entitled the ** XA sadial coronides,”’ written by Bachmann ( Rivinus ) 
the Leipzig professor, who here styled himself in Greek fashion Rhyakinus. Meyer 
mappa 1855, on the A sae pee of the notes, paper and printing, the pie rarity 
of th and the ever advancing price. A copy was offered in London in 1901 
at2Is, A > ct edition; stags rt 168 1, printed by “Jo. Just. Erythrophilus,”’ bore the 
title «« Mysteria eres 
