298 Aster History: CRESCENZI 
chapter otherwise is taken up with description of methods of pre- 
serving the root with ginger, honey and pepper. Perhaps the most 
remarkable feature of his Eryngium chapter is his nomenclature, 
beginning with the opening sentence : 
‘“Trincii et Salvinca * eadem est herba.’’ The names appear 
as Iringio and Saliunca in the Italian translation by Sansovino, 1561, 
but both had been replaced in the original Italian of the 14th cen- 
tury by Calcatreppa,} now the modern Italian name for Eryngium} 
campestre L. 
Simon Januensis had used the name “ Irringus”’; probably 
Crescenzi’s use of “Irincii’’ was an outgrowth of this ; and it was 
in Simon’s rendering that Crescenzi came to know Serapion. 
Either Crescenzi or his unknown early Italian translator seems 
also to have been influenced by Plateario’s blendings ; Plateario 
said “ Yringi, Calcatrippa, Cardinelli and Seccacul are all the same,” 
and is interpreted by Camus as intending Centaurea Calcitrapa L.; 
Crescenzi’s original Italian version adhered to the same equivalence, 
2, é., rendering Eryngium by Calcatreppa. 
Whether Plateario also identified Saliunca or Salvinca with Eryn- 
gium is doubtful ; his Circa instans seems to have used it for some- 
thing else, and has the name only, as a heading without descrip- 
tion ; the French translation, the Secres, has a figure for it which 
Camus identifies with Sanicula Europaca L., a plant perhaps for- 
merly confused with Eryngium on account of its bur. 
Crescenzi seems thus to have confused Sanicula, Eryngium and 
Centaurea Calcitrapa under Eryngium. Serapion, with his babes 
lator Simon Januensis (and later his follower Matteo Silvatico), 
had established such a confusion, only that instead of Sanicula the 
third member of their mistaken equation was Aster Atticus (see 
pp. 74 and 183). Matthiolt, in 1560, besides blaming those who 
confused Cadcitrapa with Eryngium, added that “ Serapion regards 
pe 
* Salvida in Augsburg edition, 1471, and Basle, 1518 ; seemingly 4 form unknow? 
elsewhere. Rie 
+ Matthioli claimed this was no Eryngium, saying, page 364 of his Latin si a 
1560, ‘* Some make the mistake of thinking Cacatreppola is the same with Eqnee 
} Centum-capita, by Pliny and in the Renaissance used for a white Eryngium, ‘a 
not so used by Crescenzi, who followed Plateario in making it a synonym oa 
a and wrote (edn, Sansovino, fol. 120), ‘* Anfodillo or Centocapi oF Albuto 
€ e.”? 
