Da MANtto’s Ascaracon. 825 
libro” as saying “ Rostrum porcinum est Cicerbita”; and quotes 
‘‘Joannes Anglicus” as saying “ Altaraxacon est Rostrum porci- 
num vel Cichorea,”’ adding of Joannes, “Idem sentit in capitulis 
de Fistula.” 
Da Mantio’s Plant Names.—Among names which enter into this 
present Aster history, Da Manlio uses herba Morela for his Sola- 
trum hortulana ; Rubea tinctorum for madder ; Matersylva for Cap- 
rifolium (2. ¢., Asperula); Agrimonia, Ferraria and Eupatorium as 
synonyms ; he says “ J@e/issa in modern opinion is Ozymum citra- 
tum or Citraria’’; ‘“‘ A/e/uia est Panis cuculi”’; ‘‘Crzspuda est Oculus 
bovis seu Buphthalmos, sive Cotula,”’ adding “Ladion, i. ¢., Oculus 
bovis, seu Oculus vaccae, quod idem est, hanc nostri rustici Cofw/am 
dicunt.” He also states that his Pudicaria minor is “ Satureia or 
Timbra,” adding the remark that “in partibus Comae unus Grae- 
cus dixit mihi quod Pulicaria minor apud ipsos vocatur Coniza 
seu Zimbra, et fecit versiculos sic dicens.”’ 
Da Manlio’s most direct reference to Aster is in his attempt to 
classify “ Iringus, Centumcapita, Secacul, Affodillus, and Ascara- 
con,” 7. ¢., ‘Aster Atticon,’ his treatment being as follows : 
De Iringio (p. 170), Iringus, aut Iringion aut nux agrestis, ut 
dicit Diosc. ab aliis Cardopanis dicitur; et est species Centum- 
capitum, ut apparet apud Serapionem. Etiam ipse Serapion ait 
“ Ascaracon,” id est, Centumcapita, est coelestis coloris,” inferius 
dicitur Iringi. Sed Centumcapita alba, est species spinae. Et sic 
est. Et non est secacul, sicut quidam falso opinantur. Iringus 
autem est planta spinosa, que in ufis ac pratis nascitur. : 
De Secacule (p. 167), Secacul * est Sigillum sanctae Marie? 
et non Iringus, ut quidam herbolarii volunt. Quare Serapion aliud 
Capitulum facit de Secacul, aliud de Iringo.... 
De Affodillo (p. 170), Secundum Circa instans, Affodillus 
[Asphodel] est quidam herba, quae vocant Centumcapita. Sed 
hoc est falsum.... 
Da Manlio's attitude toward Aster is therefore briefly as fol- 
lows: he knows Aster only as he reads of it in Serapion under the 
Name Ascaracon; he understands Serapion as identifying this 
ees of 
: ‘ -“* at?’ 
*Camus identifies the ‘«Seccacul, yringi, calcatrippa, cardanelli idem ¢ 
Circa instans as Centaurea Calcitrapa L 
. b 2 : ’ Lunn 
Tt The plant of this name in Circa instans is identified by Camus as Polygona 
Multiforum All, 
