326 AstEeR History; Da MANLIO 
Ascaracon with a blue Centumcapita; he points out that Iringus 
(Eryngium) and Centumcapita alba (Eryngium) are also kinds of 
Centumcapita, and of sfiva, that is, of spinous plants; and that 
Secacul and Affodillus were wrongly classed as their synonyms. 
RENAISSANCE PLANT-WRITERS 
LX. DioscorIDES AT THE REVIVAL OF LEARNING 
We come now to that body of men who labored for a hundred 
years over the plants of Dioscorides, and whose struggle to identify 
those plants was the first great botanical endeavor of the Revival 
of Learning. Each of these writers had something to say of Aster ; 
sometimes, as mere translators, simply repeating the words of 
Dioscorides ; sometimes, as annotators, discussing his phraseology ; 
sometimes, as workers with nature, comparing his description with 
plants actually known. 
Translations of Dioscorides, usually adding brief annotations, 
include the following : 
Into Latin, 1478, at Colle, by Petrus omarion with ‘‘utilissimis annotation- 
ibus’’; reissued Leyden, 1512; he is perhaps the same, nna ae Pritzel, as Petrus 
Aponensis. In 1480 or soon after, Hermolaus docbuces made a second Latin transla- 
tion ; not published perhaps till 1516; see p. 334; but probably written gee he went 
on the embassies of 1486 and 1488. Other Latin versions were those of 1516, Paris, 
by Ruellius ; 1518, Florence, by Marcellus Vergilius ; 1529, Basle, by Janus Cornarius ; 
1549, Paris, by Jean Goupyl ; 1 554, Venice, by Masthioli ; followed, 1598, Leyden, a 
the famed version by the Leyden physician Janus Antonius Saracenus, deemed b 
Sprengel the translation optima ; since whom the chief editors of Dioscorides have ca 
Salmasius (Utrecht, 1689) and Sprengel (Leipsic, 1829). 
Into Italian, first, Venice, 1542, the translation by Fausto da Longiano ; that by 
Matthioli iting in 1544 (Venice), and that of Andrea Martigniano in 1545 at 
Florence. 
/nto German, Frankfort, 1546, by John Dantzen von Ast ; again also at Frankfort, 
by Peter bes the Frankfort physician, 1610 
‘nto French, Lyons, 1553, by the physician Martin Mathée, with addition of new 
plants. 
Into Spanish, eee 1563, by Andreas de Laguna, known as Lacuna, and . 
Segobiensis; one of those who interpreted Aster Atticus as properly 4 bide 
flower rather than walkie’ he had issued notes on Dioscorides’ plants, in 1552 bi 
figures, and in 1554 with criticisms of Ruellius’ translation. 
Annotators on Dioscorides—There follows the long line of 4% 
notators on Dioscorides, with whom it was common to have some 
thing to say about Aster, I append a selection of such Renaissance 
, 
*C, Bauhin, Pinax, 267. 
