364 Aster History; GESNER 
hands of Gesner’s executors, Caspar Wolff * and Joachim Camer- 
arius the younger, the Nuremberg physician (see 7/ra). Gesner's 
figure, as the inscription indicates, was made from a dried speci- 
men collected by Gesner’s friend and correspondent, the London 
naturalist, Thomas Penny.+ Dr. Penny, one of the first English 
plant collectors, collected plants for Gesner and for his executor 
Wolff, for many years. Numerous figures which were left un- 
named at Gesner’s untimely death were afterward given their 
names by Wolff, by Penny and by the young Jean Bauhin. This 
present Aster Aiticus tertius was apparently one of Gesner’s figures 
named by Wolff; perhaps as early as 1566, within a few months 
after Gesner’s death, for he had already begun to carry out Gesner’s 
literary projects. It is quite possible, however, that the figure 
represents a plant sent in to Wolff after Gesner’s death. Its 
equivalence among present species, in lack of any description ac- 
companying the figures, is quite uncertain. 
5. “Asteris species Rauwolfii t Ivng,’ § so its figure, “« LX XII,” 
appears labelled in the Schmiedel edition of Gesnerian figures. 
The plant shown is a low branched composite with peculiarly 
star-like blossoms, having about 13 narrow taper-acuminate rays, 
their effect almost like rigid spines. 
Rauwolf had supplied Gesner with many rare plants before 
lished them. A century later they came to Trew, who enlisted the services of Schmie- 
del; the latter found over 1,000 of the figures, and published 274 of them, 1751 an nd 
a77i, i ig? sia text, mostly of good quality, and often including small drawings 
of seed or fruit, in accordance with Gesner’s own remark ‘‘ From the seeds I am 
nsaccad chiefly to judge the relationships of rene uo Meyer, 4 333: 6 gives Gesner 
, from these figures, of being the first to perceive the need of drawing the seed and 
fruit of sibs (but Fuchs had demanded it in 1542). An example is his Aster AtticuS 
tertius, where a small pappose achene is figured by itself, etc. 
* Physician of Zurich, Gesner’s pupil, friend, colleague and editor. 
r. Thomas Penny the Schmiedel edition of Gesner remarks, [7s toria i ris 
pufahiad idiacanians Ray, Penny was engaged in wore the mountains i 
other places throu tes pe Switzerland and France for plants.’’ Penny devoted himself 
later to entomology and was writing from London to canbe about insects as late 
as June 18, 1585. Penny “died in 1589, having aided Wolff by sending plants # and 
paintings of plants to the end’’ (Schmiedel, xlvi). See also vol. i of Pulteney’s Sketch 
of English Prelinnean botany. 
Leonhard Rauwolf, German botanist, who died 1596; his ‘* Raiss’’ or Travels 
was published 1583. 
% Joachim Jungermann of Leipsic. 
