374 Aster History ; ANGUILLARA 
head, as remarked by De Candolle, Prod. 5: 487. It may be 
that Matteo Silvatico intended Pallenis when he wrote about 1313 
in his Pandects that there is a plant resembling the Buphthalmums 
which is called Filius-ante-patrem by some, and Oculus-Christi by 
others. It may be that Da Manlio, when repeating this remark 
(with Silvatico in mind) about 1450, also intended to speak of 
Pallenis, in saying “There is an herb which is called Filius-ante- 
patrem or Oculus Christi, or Oculus Consulis, as herbalists please.” 
The chief objection to Pallenis as representing Anguillara’s 
Filius-ante-patrem is that its occasional purple under the floral 
leaves may seem too feeble a character to have drawn out from 
Anguillara the expression “ it bears flowers either yellow or purple.” 
Among Compositae common in both Italy and Greece there 
remains, however, such a group of plants, which might be called 
yellow or purple in different stages of flower ; it is typified by 
Tragopogon.*, Curiously enough the names Anguillara used also 
point to this same group. The Zante dialectic name Owdexapevites t 
if interpreted “ quick-closing flower,’ is very appropriate, and if 
interpreted ‘‘noon-closing flower,” it expresses the Tragopogon 
character still more closely ; expressed similarly by the English 
je See 
* Tragopogon pratensis L., the Tragopogon of Theophrastus, Dioscorides, Pliny, 
Fuchs, Anguillara, Matthioli, Gesner, Lobel and most other writers, came as more 
species were distinguished, to acquire a name which itself indicated this color-change, 
becoming the 7ragopogon flore luteo, purpureo ac puniceo of later pre-Linnaean botany, 
including Dodoens, Cesalpino, J. and C. Bauhin, Pontedera, Tournefort, Boerhaave, 
Morison and Vaillant. 
the kindred Tragopogon porrifolius L., called ‘‘rose-purplish or yellow- 
purplish ’’ by De Candolle, Albertus Magnus wrote regarding this change of color as 
far back as 1260, saying: 
. Oculus porci is a plant bearing a flower which reddens greatly with age and when 
dry still retains that color ;’’ *‘in cujus supremo est flos rutilans ipse multum, et exsic- 
catus retinet eundem colorem.”’ Albert of Lauingen’s De Vegetabilibus, bk. 6, c. 5475 
edn. Meyer and Jessen, Berlin, 1867. 
ft Awdexauwitee ; apparently for ‘‘ twelve-little-parts blossom’’; 2. @, 
hours flower’’ (flower closed by noon); or if rigorously applied ‘ twelve-moments 
flower (flower that soon perishes); from puvétrw or pivoira, now current Greek (says 
«¢ twelve- 
a Greek recently from Athens) to mean ‘‘a moment, as when one says J will be gone | 
but dodexaurvérrw, but twelve minutes, but a moment; and some say SO everywhere 
nowadays ; yvovTa some call the word; it was a Latin word once [L. minutus).”” 
Attica.—I find no very similar word to dwdexaycvitic in modern Greek vocabularies, 
the nearest suggestions being dwdexduyvov, a twelve month (Lowndes), and Cretan dia- 
lectic diunviryc, ‘¢a kind of brown wheat which remains for two months in the ground, 
two months in mod. Gr. being diw uqvac’’ (Spratt, Travels in Crete, London, 1865 )- 
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