376 Aster History; ANGUILLARA 
many kindred species of Tragopogon and Scorzonera which he 
must have seen but does not otherwise mention. That he should 
view them as one * was wholly natural ; Linnaeus himself quotes 
Vaillant, Tournefort, Pontedera, and Boerhaave as agreeing that 
“the whole genus Tragopogon is one and the same species, but of 
variations infinite.”’ 
Sibthorp found in Grecian lands 21 species which seem to have 
passed in Anguillara’s time + for Tragopogon, at least so far as 
then observed ; against which Anguillara makes perhaps three refer- 
ences, the present one of dwdexapwizec, and his Tragopogon, 2. ¢., de 
pratensis t L., and his Acorus Theophrasti, 1. e., Scorzonera ieee 
tata L. § (if Goma Bauhin rightly interpreted hie’, But among 
ten other Scorzoneras found by Sibthorp, two buphthalmum-like 
species were so common in Zante as to have received the vernacu- 
lar name Scorsonera \| from the inhabitants. Doubtless Anguillara 
saw them in Zante; and among them were plants with much- 
branched stems, others with villous hair on axils or leaves or 
stems, others with flowers yellow, red, purple or violet, among 
which he would find all the characters of his dwdexapevitec. 
We may therefore suppose that when Anguillara was writing 
in 1560 about Aster, he blended two plants which were known to 
him by the name Filius-ante-patrem ; writing his article down to 
the last clause with Pal/enis in his mind; but then adding as a 
Greek synonym one which in reality belonged to 7ragopogon. 
That may have come about in this way: Anguillara had probably 
recorded dwdsxapeites in notes of perhaps so far back as 1525, a5 4 
name he then heard used as equivalent for Filius-ante-patrem, 7. ¢-, 
Tragopogon ; and now in 1560 he copies from these notes into his 
Parere, neglecting to observe that his present Filius-ante-patrem 
was not Zragopogon but Pallenis. 
* Hortus Cliffort, 382. (ex dr. Bu.). 1737. 
} Including 2 of Geropogon and 3 of Urospermum (the Arnopogon of Willdenow 
and Sibthorp). 
t¢ Constantinople ; and pastures about Mt. Haemus, Sidthor/. 
2 oe and in the Southern Morea, Szdthorf. 
|| Se era, a name originally Spanish, alluding to the reputation of the plant 
like ancient pee Atticus, and many related er as efficacious against snake 
bites ; from Spanish scorzo, a viper; fide C. B 
{ Species which Sibthorp or others bed in oes and which may therefore have 
t 
