378 Aster History; ANGUILLARA 
Pallenis to gain currency ; it was adopted thereafter by many 
botanists for the hundred years following. * 
* The following is a résumé of the application of these mediaeval ee ee 
Filius-ante-patrem, Oculus Christi, Oculus Consulis, and Garyophyllon. For Ocul: 
orct and Rostrum porcinum and Buphthalmum, see p. 108, etc., under Hj, caacsuae 
Plants called Filius-ante- oe include the following 
. Colchicum, t.e, a crocus, fide Avicenna, and fide Pad kaon: Theatrum Botani- 
cum, ads Lat 
2. ** Herba ‘St Christophori,’’ fide De Manliis, 171 ; writing about 1450, and stating 
of it simply ‘‘Heréa St. Christophori est Filius-ante- ace ‘* Mergenbliimlin, Mergen- 
résslin”’ are added as synonyms by Brunfels, when printing the preceding, 1531. The 
name Herb St. Christopher was long applied in Europe to Gem, also to Actaea spicata 
L., figured together with the American counterpart by Parkinson, Theatrum Botanicum, 
547-9, under the ancient na 
3. Tragopogon ( seicisi, ee. etc.) ==the Garyophyllon, Oculus Christi or 
Oculus Consulis of Pandectarius, c. 1313, and of De Manliis, about 1450, the 7/os Camps 
of De Cantiprato, 1240, of Bartholomaeus Anglicus, c. 1256, the los Campi or Oculut 
porct of Albertus Magnus about 1260; the os Campi or Veltpluom or Oculus porct of 
Conrad de Megenberg, 1349; the Vredels-oghe and Fridels-auga of Hildegardist 
interpreted by a mediaeval gloss as Oculus Consulis. 
4. Dianthus sp., the Garyophylion o of ty aati etc. 
5. “nula sp., as I. dysenterica, I. salicina, [, Britannica ; one or all of these were 
deemed by Sprengel to be the Fitius- a of Da Manlio; on what grounds is 
not evident except as the name Oculus Christi occurs in Inula. Anguillara could not 
have meant Inula, for leaf-characters and purple flowers would then be to the 
Inula which he mentions (/nu/a Helenium), he calls He/enium Diosco 
6. Antipater, Hermolaus Barbarus, 1492, as cited by ai 3: 9 (1536), of 
which both write that some think the plant may be the Herba impia of Pliny, 24, 19+ 
but it differs from his aia for, says Barbarus, ‘‘ Antipater is not hoary, does not 
heat when rubbed, does not bear capituda nec thyrsos.”’ Braunfels makes this plan, 
snipe (named in the same sense as Filius-ante-patrem) to be ‘* guasi Cunilaginis 
minore’’ [L. Cunilago = been ic aaaicatn n Origanum] and io be called by some 
Christophoriana and Oculus Consutis , mea’ sip Sia ? or Pallen 
atyrion, Si an orchid Fidemnified « as an Ophrys or mae called Filius- 
ante-patrem by some, says Bru = 3: 10 (1536), ‘*Satyriam sunt qui vocent, quod 
antea floreat, quam fo fe lia producat.’ 
- Names later than Anguillara. wpew sp., in 1570, the Lysimachia siliquos@ 
of Pena and Lobel, Adversaria, 145, and of Parkinson, Zheatrum Bot. (explai ined as 
because of the lengthening pods), 
9. Tussilago in 1650, fide Bodaeus’ Theophrastus, 821, with explanation that it is 
so called because it produces its flowers before the leaves come up : this is not the Filius- 
ante-patrem of Anguillara, who knew these plants as 7ussi/ago aud Petasites. 
10. Herba Impia or Filago Germanica of modern botany, of which Gerarde says; 
page 518, ‘* for the most part those flowers which appear first are the lowest and basest ; 
and those that come after growe higher, as children seeking to overgrowe or overtop 
their parents (as many wicked child dren do) for which cause it hath ayes called Herba 
/mpia, that is, the Wicked Herbe, or Herbe Impious.’’ Pliny, 24: 
11. nuda salicina 1. perhaps was meant by Clusius, who Sy in ne s quaint 
