(58 



pits are filled to a certain lieight, the juice is taken out with ladles made either of wood or iron, and poured 

 into pails, in order to be removed to the hollow trunk of a Pine sufficient to hold three or four barrels. 



The timber of Pines that have yielded resin even for fifteen or sixteen years is not the less valuable for 

 domestic purposes; and it is a common opinion among- the makers of tar, that the roots of such trees produce 

 a greater quantity of that substance than those which have never undergone incisions. 



Theophrastus mentions a disease to which Pines are subject, and which seems to consist in a redundance 

 of resin collecting about the roots.^ This disease, he says, proves fiital to the tree. 



In France, distinct appellations have been given to the several states of the resinous juice of Pines, that 

 which condenses on the wounds towards the decline of the sap being called Galipot, in Provence, and Bmras, 

 in Guienne; the fluid resin obtains the name of Perinne vierge; and a thinner kind of the latter, subjected to 

 a sort of filtration, is called Bj/on, or TereUnth'me fine. The Galipot is used by the chandlers in making 

 ilambeaux, though the greatest quantity of this substance usually undergoes conversion, by being boiled, 

 into Brai-sec and Yellow resin, to be described presently. 



The liquid resin of the Pine, though of inferior quality to that of the Turpentine-trec, the Larch, and 

 the Silver Fir, especially for internal use, is too often substituted for the others in the shops of tlie druggists. 

 In most terebinthinate preparations this species is the subject, and there is no reason, perhaps, why the 

 essential oil and other parts of it, separately taken, should not be equally good, and possessed of the same 

 properties as what might be extracted from the juice of different trees. Whilst mentioning the essential oil, 

 it may not be amiss to remark, that this seems to be the most active principle contained in turpentines, the 

 several preparations of these juices manifesting most efficacy according as they are most impregnated with 

 it; hence, in most cases, the common Oleum Terebinthinw seems preferable to the crude resin; but of this oil 

 we shall speak more particularly hereafter. The Colleges of London and Edinburgh direct the common 

 turpentine to be used chiefly in external applications, for which it was much employed by the ancients also. 

 Celsus mentions " Resina liquida pinea" as entering into the composition of many of his malagmafa, and the 

 '' resina liquida' of other writers would appear to be of the same kind. The Emplastrum Lytliargyri compo- 

 situm, and Vnmientum Elemi compositum, (Ph. Lond.) both contain this resinous juice as a principal ingredient; 

 its digesting, cleansing, and incarnating properties, are acknowledged by medical practitioners universally. 

 But its use is not confined to the healing art. In common life it helps to form many materials of no small 

 •utility, the poorer ranks of people, in many countries, making candles with it, the masons employing it in 

 some of their mastics, the tinners in soldering, and the tallow-chandlers (when it is amalgamated with suet 

 and yellow wax) for making flambeaux. 



EXTRACT OF THE JUICE. 



CExtractum resinosum Pineum.J 



The pure resinous extract of the juice of the Pine has been recommended by some foreign writers for the 

 cure of tronorrhea, and is supposed to possess properties similar to those of the Peruvian and Copaiva balsams. 

 I am not authorised, however, by any personal observation, or by accounts from any of my brethren in 

 Enoliind, to mention this preparation in terms of commendation. 



YELLOW RESIN. 



Terehintliina cocta. Pharm. Wurt. 

 Besinejaune, of the French. 



The mode of preparing this substance is minutely described by the French author whose name we have 

 mentioned above. ^ He informs us, that the resinous juice is put into a large copper placed over a furnace, which 



^ This he calls *' £u<?a(?&v j/iVEnSat," (Lib. 3, c. 10.) The word Aa^ seems to have been misunderstood by Pliny, who speaks of the Twda as being 

 a tree itself instead of a disease incident to it, (see Lib. \6. c. i8.) which those who will take the trouble of examining the passages in Theophrastus 



will plainly see could not have been the meaning of the Greek naturalist 



^ Duhamcl torn, 2: p. 145. ^ 



