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THE MUGHO PINE. 



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LIQUID RESIN. 



P^esina liquida Pmi PumiUonis). 



Bahamum Hungarkum, of the German Pharmacopmw. 

 Hungcman Balsam. 



This i-esiu spontaneously exudes from the extremities of the branches, and from other parts of the tree 

 and may also be obtamed, by expression, from the green cones. Its reputation as a medicine originated from' 

 a manuscript account written by Dr. Christian ab Hortis, of Ksmark, who extolled its efficacy in the cure 

 of wounds, rmi^mg ulcers, contusions, rheumatisms, palsies, and even of the gout.^ Various other com- 

 plam s were^ said to be cured by it, and it afterwards received the commendations of Fischer,' Breynius . and 

 Brnekmann the first of whom considered it not inferior to the Balsam of Mecca. In Germany, this balsam 

 stdl retain, higli repute, but there can be no doubt that its medicinal virtues have been much exao-gerated 



ESSENTIAL OIL. 



(Oleum cssentiale PimPimiilionis). 



Oleum templiniim, of the German Pharmacopwiw, 

 Krumhoh-oil. 



This essential oil is obtained by distillation from the resinous juice just described. The common oil of 

 turpentine is often substituted for it by the itinerant druggists in Germany, but the genuine sort may be 

 distinguished by its golden colour, agreeable odour, and acrid oiliness of taste.' 



As a medicine, this oil is a popular remedy at Brunswick for the cure of intermittents, being taken, in 

 the dose of a few drops, just at the commencement of the cold stage. It is also used in punctures of tendons, 

 and by farriers as an application to foul ulcers of cattle.™ ; 



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THE STONE PINE 



KERNELS. 



r 



(Nuclei PineolLJ 



UiTuihq. Diosc. Lib. 1. c. 74- 



Pifrnons, of the French. 



These kernels have a subacid, sweet taste, similar to that of almonds, and, like the latter, may be used 

 for emulsions as well as for dissolving resins. They possess a nutritive and demulcent quahty, but, from 

 their oily nature, soon become rancid and unfit to be eaten. Dioscorides speaks of their utility in cou^-hs, 

 and it is probable enough that they act as expectorants in some degree; in the present day, however, they 

 are rarely used, except at the table." ^ 



The Siberian Stone Pine (P. Cemhra) yields nuts of the same kind as these, which are, therefore, applicable 

 to the same purposes, but their oily contents, when exposed to the air, manifest a still stronger disposition 

 to acquire rancidity. 



The proportion of oil in the kernels of these nuts is larger, perhaps, than in those of any other tree, one 

 pound of them yielding five ounces, whereas the same quantity of linseed produces only two ounces and a 



* See Murray's App. Med. Vol. I. p. 12. " Bresl. Samnil. Vers. 2. p. 331. ' Eph. N. C. Cent. 7. p. 5. "^ Speclm. duo. 1727. 



' Hermann, Mat. Med. T. 2. p. 194-. " Murrai/, Vol. I. p. 13. 



" Mai. Med. p. 121. 



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