Except as noted below, surveys were conducted by walking 

 upstream as close to the shore as possible and scanning both 



UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM WITH BINOCULARS. PORTIONS OF THE GaLLATIN 



River from Squaw Creek to Big Sky, where the river is easily 

 observed from the road, were surveyed by bicycle, with frequent 



STOPS TO SCAN WITH BINOCULARS; THE GaLLATIN RiVER FROM BiG SkY TO 



Taylor Creek was surveyed by canoe. Portions of Taylor Creek, 

 Mill Creek, and the Boulder River (19 May only) were checked by 



car, AGAIN WITH FREQUENT STOPS TO SCAN WITH BINOCULARS. 



Informational posters about harlequin ducks were placed at Forest 

 Service campgrounds in the survey area by personnel of Gallatin 

 National Forest. Posters also were handed out to rafting/fishing 

 outfitters on the Gallatin River. 



Stream lengths and/or gradients were determined from USGS 

 topographical maps. General habitat conditions were described 

 qualitatively for locations where harlequin ducks were observed 

 and generally followed the characteristics used by Wallen (1987). 

 These characteristics include bank vegetation (coniferous forest, 

 shrubland, meadow, open), bank slope (<>45 degrees), channel 



TYPE (meandering, BRAIDED, STRAIGHT, BEDROCK CANYON) , STREAM 



