Compaction 



Increased soil density caused by force 

 exerted at the soil surface, modifying 

 aeration and nutrient availability. 



Connectivity 



The quality, extent, or state of being 

 joined; unity; the opposite of 

 fragmentation . 



Core area 



See Security habitat (grizzly bears) . 



Cover 



See Hiding cover and/or Thermal cover. 



Covertype 



A classification of timber stands 

 based on the percentage of tree 

 species composition. 



Croujn cover or croujn closure 



The percentage of a given area covered 

 by the crowns of trees 



Crown scorch 



The portion of the tree crown that has 

 been scorched. 



Cull 



A tree of such poor quality that it 

 has no merchantable value in terms of 

 the product being cut. 



Cutting units 



Areas of timber proposed for 

 harvesting. 



Cumulative effect 



The impact on the environment that 

 results from the incremental impact of 

 the action when added to other 

 actions. Cumulative impacts can also 

 result from individually minor 

 actions, but collectively they may 

 compound the effect of the actions. 



Direct effect 



Effects on the environment that occur 

 at the same time and place as the 

 initial cause or action. 



Ditch relief 



A method of draining water from roads 

 using ditches and corrugated metal 

 pipe. The pipe is placed just under 

 the surface of the road. 



Dominant tree 



Those trees within a forest stand 

 that extend their crowns above 

 surrounding trees and capture 

 sunlight from above and around the 

 crown. 



Drain dip 



A graded depression built into a 

 road to divert water and prevent 

 soil erosion. 



Ecosystem 



An interacting system of living 

 organisms and the land and water 

 that make up their environment; the 

 home place of all living things, 

 including humans. 



Environmental effects 



The impacts or effects of a project 

 on the natural and human 

 environment . 



Equivalent ciearcut acres (ECA) 



This method equates area harvested 

 and percent of crown removed with an 

 equivalent amount of ciearcut area. 



Allowable ECA - The estimated 

 number of acres that can be 

 ciearcut before stream channel 

 stability is affected. 



Existing ECA - The number of acres 

 that have been previously 

 harvested, taking into account the 

 degree of hydrologic recovery that 

 has occurred due to revegetation. 



Remaining ECA - The calculated 

 amount of harvesting that may 

 occur without substantially 

 increasing the risk of causing 

 detrimental effects to the 

 stability of the stream channel. 



Evaportranspiration 



A combination of 2 physical 

 processes in the environment: 

 evaporation is the loss of moisture 

 into the atmosphere from the soil 

 and bodies of water (lakes, river, 

 etc.); transpiration is the process 

 where moisture is lost through the 

 surfaces of plants and trees into 

 the atmosphere. Both are the result 

 of heating by the sun, and the 

 combination of the 2 is how moisture 



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Dog Meadow Timber Sale Project Draft EA 



