19 

 the Livingston District of the Gallatin National Forest in the 

 Crazy Mountains, and the Gallatin and Absaroka Mountain Ranges. 

 One unverified flammulated owl was observed in the Crazy 

 Mountains. 



Boreal owls were heard at high elevations, 6580-7900 feet 

 and on all aspects except east. The most common aspect was west. 

 On the Lewis and Clark National Forest the elevation for 

 locations were 6400-8080 feet (Carlson 1991) , similar to surveys 

 in southwestern Montana where elevations were 6000-7800 feet 

 (Mullen 1989) .. The Lewis and Clark survey also found west to be 

 the most common aspect, while in southwest Montana east was the 

 most common aspect. 



Boreal owls were most frequently found in association with 

 subalpine fir forests as identified by stand information 

 available at the Livingston District office. This is consistent 

 with findings on the Beaverhead and Bitterroot National Forests, 

 where 5 out of 7 of the boreal owl locations were associated with 

 subalpine fir stands (P. Mullen 1990) . Stands are identified by 

 the most abundant tree species, and several other species may be 

 present. Hayward (1989) observed boreal owl singing locations 

 and nest sites were found frequently (39.4% of the time) in mixed 

 conifer. 



The unverified flammulated owl was heard in a nontypical 

 habitat type, second growth lodgepole pine and mature subalpine 

 fir timber stands. The vocalization was heard at two consecutive 

 stations under good weather conditions. The surveyor noted the 



