7 

 each station surveyors listened for calling owls for 2-3 minutes, 

 played the boreal or flammulated owl territorial call for 2-3 

 minutes in one direction, listened for 2-3 minutes and then 

 played the boreal or flammulated owl call again for 2-3 minutes 

 in another direction and listened for 2-3 minutes. A second 

 species call was then played for 2-3 minutes and surveyors 

 listened for 2-3 minutes. When an owl was heard, the direction 

 and estimated distance to the owl was recorded on a 7.5 minute 

 U.S.G.S. topographic map. Dominant tree species were recorded 

 for each station. Slope, aspect, moon phase, and timber type 

 were recorded for the estimated location of boreal and 

 flammulated owls. Timber types were derived from stand data 

 found in Form 2 2 at the District Office. They are named for the 

 major volume species in the stand and describe tree size 

 (sapling, pole, mature) and canopy closure (0-39%, 40-69%, 70+%). 



RESULTS 



Two owl surveys were completed on the Livingston District of 

 the Gallatin National Forest in the spring of 1992 (Figures 2 and 

 3) . The first survey was for boreal owls and was conducted 

 between 2 6 February and 4 April. Survey routes were mostly high 

 elevation and in forests that had at least some subalpine fir 

 and/or spruce. The second survey was for flammulated owls and 

 was conducted between 21 May and 7 June. Survey routes- were high 



