4 THE CULTIVATED EVERGREENS 



Northern Forest is a mixed forest of conifers and broad-leaf 

 trees. White pine is, or was, the outstanding species. Its tall 

 bole, large size, and easily worked wood marked it from colonial 

 times as, perhaps, the most prized American timber tree. The 

 original forest has now disappeared, except for a few small 

 isolated stands. However, white pine reproduces easily, both 

 naturally and artificially, and grows rapidly, so that in the 

 Northeast it has come to be the principal species used in 

 reforestation. 



The Southern Pineries, as the name implies, is essentially a 

 coniferous forest. It extends along the Atlantic seaboard from 

 New Jersey southward to the Gulf States. Long-leaf pine 

 (Pinus palustris) is the tree of first importance, both for its 

 lumber and for its turpentine. Three other pines are also to be 

 noted: short-leaf (P. echinata), loblolly (P. Toeda), and Cuban 

 or slash pine (P. carihoea). In the swamps of the South is 

 found the bald-cypress {Taxodium distichum). 



In the Rocky Mountain region the species of commercial 

 importance are the western yellow pine (P. ponderosa) , lodge- 

 pole pine (P. contorta var. latifolia), Engelmann spruce {Picea 

 Engelmanni), and the mountain form of Douglas fir {Pseudo- 

 tsuga taxijolia) . In the "Inland Empire" of Montana and Idaho, 

 the western white pine (P. monticola) is an important timber 

 tree. Regulated grazing plays an important role in the national 

 forests in this region. 



The Pacific forest comprises the Pacific Coast states. In 

 Washington and Oregon the most important trees are Douglas 

 fir, western hemlock {Tsuga heterophylla) , several true firs 

 (Abies), western red-cedar {Thuja plicata), Sitka spruce {Picea 

 sitchensis), and western white pine. In California the species 

 that stand out are redwood {Sequoia sempervirens) near the 

 coast, sugar pine {Pinus Lambertiana) , and western yellow pine 



